Gamaleya National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia.
Institute of Metallurgy and Material Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia.
Cells. 2023 Jan 16;12(2):338. doi: 10.3390/cells12020338.
Magnetic force and gravity are two fundamental forces affecting all living organisms, including bacteria. On Earth, experimentally created magnetic force can be used to counterbalance gravity and place living organisms in conditions of magnetic levitation. Under conditions of microgravity, magnetic force becomes the only force that moves bacteria, providing an acceleration towards areas of the lowest magnetic field and locking cells in this area. In this review, we consider basic principles and experimental systems used to create a magnetic force strong enough to balance gravity. Further, we describe how magnetic levitation is applied in on-Earth microbiological studies. Next, we consider bacterial behavior under combined conditions of microgravity and magnetic force onboard a spacecraft. At last, we discuss restrictions on applications of magnetic force in microbiological studies and the impact of these restrictions on biotechnological applications under space and on-Earth conditions.
磁力和重力是影响包括细菌在内的所有生物体的两种基本力量。在地球上，实验产生的磁力可用于抵消重力，使生物体处于磁悬浮状态。在微重力条件下，磁力成为唯一使细菌运动的力，它会使细菌朝着磁场最弱的区域加速，并将细胞锁定在这个区域。在这篇综述中，我们考虑了用来产生足以平衡重力的磁力的基本原理和实验系统。此外，我们还描述了磁悬浮技术如何应用于地球微生物学研究。接下来，我们考虑了在航天器上微重力和磁力共同作用下细菌的行为。最后，我们讨论了在微生物学研究中应用磁力的限制，以及这些限制对太空和地球条件下生物技术应用的影响。
