Guangxi Key Laboratory of Livestock Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Agricultural Vocational and Technical University, Nanning 530001, China.
College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
Genes (Basel). 2023 Jan 3;14(1):132. doi: 10.3390/genes14010132.
The Duroc pig originated in the United States and is a typical lean-meat pig. The breed grows fast, and the body size is large, but the meat quality is poor. The Luchuan pig is one of eight excellent local breeds in China; it has tender meat but is small in size. To study the factors that determine growth, we selected the longissimus dorsi muscle of Luchuan and Duroc pigs for transcriptome sequencing. The results of the transcriptome showed that 3682 genes were differentially expressed (DEGs) in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Duroc and Luchuan pigs. We screened out genes related to muscle development and selected the MYL2 (Myosin light chain-2) gene to perform preliminary research. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment of biological functions and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that the gene products were mainly involved in the Akt/FoxO signaling pathway, fatty acid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism and glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. Such pathways contributed to skeletal muscle growth, fatty acid metabolism and intramuscular fat deposition. These results provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the formation of skeletal muscle and provide candidate genes to improve growth traits, as well as contribute to improving the growth and development traits of pigs through molecular breeding.
杜洛克猪起源于美国，是典型的瘦肉型猪。该品种生长速度快，体型大，但肉质较差。陆川猪是中国 8 大地方优良品种之一，其肉质细嫩，但体型较小。为了研究决定生长的因素，我们选择了陆川猪和杜洛克猪的背最长肌进行转录组测序。转录组结果表明，杜洛克和陆川猪背最长肌中有 3682 个基因差异表达（DEGs）。我们筛选出与肌肉发育相关的基因，并选择 MYL2（肌球蛋白轻链-2）基因进行初步研究。生物功能的基因本体论（GO）富集和京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）分析表明，基因产物主要参与 Akt/FoxO 信号通路、脂肪酸代谢、花生四烯酸代谢和甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢。这些途径有助于骨骼肌生长、脂肪酸代谢和肌内脂肪沉积。这些结果为骨骼肌形成的机制提供了深入的了解，并为改善生长性状提供了候选基因，通过分子育种有助于改善猪的生长发育性状。
