Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming, Kunming 650201, China.
Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar 161005, China.
Genes (Basel). 2023 Jan 4;14(1):141. doi: 10.3390/genes14010141.
Egg production is a vital biological and economic trait for poultry breeding. The 'hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis' determines the egg production, which affects the layer hens industry income. At the organism level, the HPO axis is influenced by the factors related to metabolic and nutritional status, environment, and genetics, whereas at the cellular and molecular levels, the HPO axis is influenced by the factors related to endocrine and metabolic regulation, cytokines, key genes, signaling pathways, post-transcriptional processing, and epigenetic modifications. MiRNAs and lncRNAs play a critical role in follicle selection and development, atresia, and ovulation in layer hens; in particular, miRNA is known to affect the development and atresia of follicles by regulating apoptosis and autophagy of granulosa cells. The current review elaborates on the regulation of the HPO axis and its role in the laying performance of hens at the organism, cellular, and molecular levels. In addition, this review provides an overview of the interactive network regulation mechanism of the HPO axis in layer hens, as well as comprehensive knowledge for successfully utilizing their genetic resources.
产蛋性能是家禽养殖的重要生物学和经济性状。“下丘脑-垂体-卵巢（HPO）轴”决定产蛋性能，这影响着蛋鸡产业的收入。在机体水平上，HPO 轴受与代谢和营养状况、环境和遗传有关的因素影响，而在细胞和分子水平上，HPO 轴受与内分泌和代谢调节、细胞因子、关键基因、信号通路、转录后加工和表观遗传修饰有关的因素影响。miRNAs 和 lncRNAs 在蛋鸡的卵泡选择和发育、闭锁和排卵中发挥着关键作用；特别是 miRNA 通过调节颗粒细胞的凋亡和自噬来影响卵泡的发育和闭锁。本综述详细阐述了 HPO 轴在机体、细胞和分子水平上对母鸡产蛋性能的调节作用。此外，本综述还概述了 HPO 轴在蛋鸡中的相互作用网络调控机制，为成功利用其遗传资源提供了全面的知识。
