Gao Zhouyang, Zheng Jiangxia, Xu Guiyun
College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Jul 2;26(13):6389. doi: 10.3390/ijms26136389.
Since the early 2000s, the poultry industry in our nation has steadily progressed towards a larger scale and increased intensification. However, the growing demand for animal-based protein, combined with significant increases in feed ingredient costs, presents substantial challenges to the advancement of egg production. The regulation of feed utilization efficiency in laying hens is a complex process, influenced by various factors including the farming environment, feed composition, microbial ecosystems, and hormonal dynamics. The feed conversion rate in laying hens not only serves as a critical indicator of agricultural productivity but also highlights the significant impact of molecular technologies in improving feed efficiency. These technological advancements have enhanced the precision and effectiveness of breeding practices while providing substantial support for optimizing feed management, improving production metrics, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices. This comprehensive synthesis of factors, regulatory pathways, and cutting-edge molecular methodologies establishes a biological framework for future breeding strategies. Notably, this review uniquely emphasizes the pivotal role of modern molecular biology techniques-such as genomic selection, transcriptomic profiling, and gene-editing tools-in decoding feed conversion efficiency (FCE), contributing to broader goals of agricultural sustainability by balancing productivity gains with eco-friendly and cost-effective egg production.
自21世纪初以来，我国家禽业一直在稳步朝着更大规模和更高集约化发展。然而，对动物蛋白日益增长的需求，加上饲料原料成本大幅上涨，给鸡蛋生产的发展带来了巨大挑战。蛋鸡饲料利用效率的调控是一个复杂的过程，受到养殖环境、饲料组成、微生物生态系统和激素动态等多种因素的影响。蛋鸡的饲料转化率不仅是农业生产力的关键指标，也凸显了分子技术在提高饲料效率方面的重大影响。这些技术进步提高了育种实践的精准度和有效性，同时为优化饲料管理、改善生产指标和促进可持续农业实践提供了有力支持。这种对各种因素、调控途径和前沿分子方法的全面综合，为未来的育种策略建立了一个生物学框架。值得注意的是，本综述特别强调了现代分子生物学技术（如基因组选择、转录组分析和基因编辑工具）在解读饲料转化效率（FCE）方面的关键作用，通过在提高生产力与实现环保且经济高效的鸡蛋生产之间取得平衡，为农业可持续发展的更广泛目标做出贡献。
