Institute of Psychology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland.
Department of Tourism, Recreation and Ecology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Jan 5;20(2):999. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20020999.
People's opinions on immunization are diverse. Despite the constant improvement of vaccine formulas, the number of people reluctant to immunize is not decreasing. The purpose of our study is to assess the psychological determinants of immunization reluctance in depth. We measured levels of anxiety (death-related and general), fear of COVID-19, self-esteem and resilience among 342 adults. We found that the level of COVID-19 related fear is higher among the vaccinated population, despite general anxiety levels being lower. Surprisingly we didn't find significant differences in resilience and self-esteem levels. Findings are concurrent with previous research-COVID-19 related fear level is higher among vaccinated people. Resilience and self-esteem are defined as stable, trait-like constructs, and thus may not manifest higher levels in very specific pandemic situations, although they may lower the levels of general anxiety.
人们对接种疫苗的看法不一。尽管疫苗配方不断改进，但不愿接种疫苗的人数并未减少。我们研究的目的是深入评估对疫苗接种犹豫不决的心理决定因素。我们测量了 342 名成年人的焦虑水平（与死亡相关的和一般的）、对 COVID-19 的恐惧、自尊和适应力。我们发现，尽管一般焦虑水平较低，但接种疫苗人群的 COVID-19 相关恐惧水平更高。令人惊讶的是，我们在适应力和自尊水平方面没有发现显著差异。研究结果与之前的研究一致——接种疫苗的人 COVID-19 相关恐惧水平更高。适应力和自尊被定义为稳定的、特质性的结构，因此，尽管它们可能会降低一般焦虑水平，但在非常特殊的大流行情况下，它们可能不会表现出更高的水平。
