Tulleners E P, Nunamaker D M, Richardson D W
Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square 19348.
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1987 Sep 1;191(5):569-74.
Traumatic, unilateral coxofemoral luxation was diagnosed in 22 female dairy cattle (12 calves less than or equal to 13 months old, 10 adults). Physical examination differentiated between dorsal and ventral luxations, but could not distinguish luxations from fractures of the proximal aspect of the femur that occurred in 2 additional adults. Luxations were confirmed by radiography in 5 animals. Closed reduction was accomplished in only 1 calf. A craniolateral surgical approach to the hip, using mechanically assisted traction, was successful in reducing 95% (20/21) of the luxations. Craniodorsal luxations (16) were most common. Ninety-four percent of the animals were ambulatory before surgery. None had concomitant musculoskeletal injuries and 75% (12/16) survived for a long period. Five of 6 animals with ventral luxations arrived recumbent, with serious complicating musculoskeletal injuries, and only 2 of these animals survived for a long period. Calves had a better long-term survival rate (75% vs 50%) and a lower reluxation rate (17% vs 40%), compared with adults.
在22头雌性奶牛（12头小于或等于13月龄的犊牛，10头成年牛）中诊断出创伤性单侧髋脱位。体格检查可区分背侧和腹侧脱位，但无法区分脱位与另外2头成年牛发生的股骨近端骨折。5只动物通过X线摄影确诊为脱位。仅1头犊牛完成了闭合复位。采用机械辅助牵引的髋部颅外侧手术入路成功复位了95%（20/21）的脱位。颅背侧脱位（16例）最为常见。94%的动物在手术前可走动。均无并发的肌肉骨骼损伤，75%（12/16）存活较长时间。6例腹侧脱位的动物中有5例就诊时呈卧地姿势，伴有严重的肌肉骨骼损伤并发症，其中只有2例存活较长时间。与成年牛相比，犊牛的长期存活率更高（75%对50%），再脱位率更低（17%对40%）。
