State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China.
School of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Jan 16;20(2):1643. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20021643.
In order to explore the treatment effect of a bio-ecological combined process on pollution reduction and carbon abatement of rural domestic wastewater under seasonal changes, the rural area of Lingui District, Guilin City, Guangxi Province, China was selected to construct a combined process of regulating a pond, biological filter, subsurface flow constructed wetland, and ecological purification pond. The influent water, effluent water, and the characteristics of pollutant treatment in each unit were investigated. The results showed that the average removal rates of COD, TN, and NH-N in summer were 87.57, 72.18, and 80.98%, respectively, while they were 77.46, 57.52, and 64.48% in winter. There were significant seasonal differences in wastewater treatment results in Guilin. Meanwhile, in view of the low carbon:nitrogen ratio in the influent and the poor decontamination effect, the method of adding additional carbon sources such as sludge fermentation and rice straw is proposed to strengthen resource utilization and achieve carbon reduction and emission reduction. The treatment effect of ecological units, especially constructed wetland units, had a high contribution rate of TN treatment, but it was greatly impacted by seasons. The analysis of the relative abundance of the microbial community at the phylum level in constructed wetlands revealed that Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetota, and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla. The relative abundance of microbial communities of Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Acidobacteria decreased to a large extent from summer to winter, while Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Planctomycetota increased to varying degrees. These dominant bacteria played an important role in the degradation of pollutants such as COD, NH-N, and TN in wetland systems.
为了探索生物-生态组合工艺在季节性变化下对农村生活污水减污降碳的处理效果,选择中国广西桂林临桂区农村,构建调节塘-生物滤池-潜流人工湿地-生态净化塘组合工艺,对进水、各单元出流水及污染物处理特性进行了考察。结果表明,夏季 COD、TN、NH-N 的平均去除率分别为 87.57%、72.18%和 80.98%,而冬季分别为 77.46%、57.52%和 64.48%,桂林地区农村生活污水处理效果存在明显季节性差异。同时,针对进水碳氮比较低、脱氮除磷效果较差的问题,提出添加污泥发酵、稻草等外加碳源的方法,强化资源利用,实现降碳减排。生态单元,特别是人工湿地单元对 TN 的处理效果贡献度较高,但受季节影响较大。对人工湿地中微生物群落相对丰度的分析表明,优势菌门为 Proteobacteria、Acidobacteria、Chloroflexi、Firmicutes、Bacteroidetes、Planctomycetota 和 Actinobacteria。从夏季到冬季,Proteobacteria、Chloroflexi 和 Acidobacteria 的微生物群落相对丰度大幅下降,而 Firmicutes、Bacteroidetes 和 Planctomycetota 则不同程度增加。这些优势细菌在湿地系统中 COD、NH-N 和 TN 等污染物的降解中发挥了重要作用。