Piash KmProttoy Shariar, Sanyal Oishi
Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
Membranes (Basel). 2023 Jan 7;13(1):73. doi: 10.3390/membranes13010073.
This article reviews the many innovative strategies that have been developed to specifically design the support layers of forward osmosis (FO) membranes. Forward osmosis (FO) is one of the most viable separation technologies to treat hypersaline wastewater, but its successful deployment requires the development of new membrane materials beyond existing desalination membranes. Specifically, designing the FO membrane support layers requires new engineering techniques to minimize the internal concentration polarization (ICP) effects encountered in cases of FO. In this paper, we have reviewed several such techniques developed by different research groups and summarized the membrane transport properties corresponding to each approach. An important transport parameter that helps to compare the various approaches is the so-called structural parameter (S-value); a low S-value typically corresponds to low ICP. Strategies such as electrospinning, solvent casting, and hollow fiber spinning, have been developed by prior researchers-all of them aimed at lowering this S-value. We also reviewed the quantitative methods described in the literature, to evaluate the separation properties of FO membranes. Lastly, we have highlighted some key research gaps, and provided suggestions for potential strategies that researchers could adopt to enable easy comparison of FO membranes.
本文综述了为专门设计正向渗透（FO）膜支撑层而开发的多种创新策略。正向渗透（FO）是处理高盐废水最可行的分离技术之一，但其成功应用需要开发超越现有海水淡化膜的新型膜材料。具体而言，设计FO膜支撑层需要新的工程技术，以尽量减少FO情况下遇到的内部浓差极化（ICP）效应。在本文中，我们综述了不同研究小组开发的几种此类技术，并总结了每种方法对应的膜传输特性。一个有助于比较各种方法的重要传输参数是所谓的结构参数（S值）；低S值通常对应低ICP。先前的研究人员已经开发了诸如静电纺丝、溶剂浇铸和中空纤维纺丝等策略——所有这些策略都旨在降低这个S值。我们还综述了文献中描述的评估FO膜分离性能的定量方法。最后，我们强调了一些关键的研究空白，并为研究人员能够采用的便于比较FO膜的潜在策略提供了建议。
