Abashina Tatiana, Vainshtein Mikhail
Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms RAS, Prospect Nauki 5, 142290 Pushchino, Russia.
Microorganisms. 2023 Jan 11;11(1):186. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11010186.
The presented review is based on scientific microbiological articles and patents in the field of biomining valuable metals. The main attention is paid to publications of the last two decades, which illustrate some shifts in objects of interest and modern trends both in general and applied microbiology. The review demonstrates that microbial bioleaching continues to develop actively, despite various problems in its industrial application. The previous classic trends in the microbial bioleaching persist and remain unchanged, including (i) the search for and selection of new effective species and strains and (ii) technical optimization of the bioleaching process. Moreover, new trends were formed during the last decades with an emphasis on the phylogeny of leaching microbiota and on genomes of the leaching microorganisms. This area of genomics provides new, interesting information and forms a basis for the subsequent construction of new leaching strains. For example, this review mentions some changed strains with increased resistance to toxic compounds. Additionally, the review considers some problems of bioleaching valuable metals from toxic arsenopyrite.
本综述基于生物采矿领域中贵金属的科学微生物学文章和专利。主要关注过去二十年的出版物，这些出版物展示了普通微生物学和应用微生物学中感兴趣的对象的一些转变以及现代趋势。该综述表明，尽管微生物生物浸出在其工业应用中存在各种问题，但它仍在积极发展。微生物生物浸出以前的经典趋势依然存在且未变，包括（i）寻找和选择新的有效物种和菌株，以及（ii）生物浸出过程的技术优化。此外，在过去几十年中形成了新的趋势，重点是浸出微生物群的系统发育和浸出微生物的基因组。基因组学的这一领域提供了新的有趣信息，并为随后构建新的浸出菌株奠定了基础。例如，本综述提到了一些对有毒化合物具有更高抗性的改良菌株。此外，该综述还考虑了从有毒毒砂中生物浸出贵金属的一些问题。
