Pan Qi, Zeng Pan, Li Zaiyun
Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China.
College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Jan 13;12(2):374. doi: 10.3390/plants12020374.
The genus in the family includes the types with 2n = 20, 22, 24, and 48. The species (L.) O. E. Schulz has 2n = 24 and is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant in China. This review summarizes the research progress of its genome structure and evolution in the context of cytogenetics and genome sequencing. This species has a large genome size of ~1 Gb and longer chromosomes than those of species, which is attributable to the burst of TE insertions. Even more, one tetraploidization event from about 600-800 million years ago is elucidated to occur during its genome evolution, which is consistent with the polyploidy nature of its genome revealed by the meiotic pairing patterns. Its chromosomes are still characterized by a larger size and deeper staining than those from species in their intergeneric hybrids, which is likely related to their inherent differences between genome structures and cytology. Its genome is dissected by the development of additional alien lines, and some traits are located on individual chromosomes. Due to the abundant dihydroxy fatty acids in its seed oil with superior lubricant properties and wide environmental adaptations, this plant promises to be utilized as one new oil crop in the future.
该科中的 属包括 2n = 20、22、24 和 48 的类型。物种（L.）O. E. Schulz 的 2n = 24，在中国作为观赏植物被广泛种植。本综述在细胞遗传学和基因组测序的背景下总结了其基因组结构和进化的研究进展。该物种基因组较大，约为 1 Gb，染色体比 物种的更长，这归因于转座元件插入的爆发。此外，在其基因组进化过程中，约 6 亿至 8 亿年前发生了一次四倍体化事件，这与减数分裂配对模式揭示的基因组多倍体性质一致。在其属间杂种中，其染色体仍比 物种的染色体更大且染色更深，这可能与其基因组结构和细胞学之间的固有差异有关。通过额外的异源系的培育剖析了其基因组，一些性状定位到了单个染色体上。由于其种子油中富含具有优异润滑性能和广泛环境适应性的二羟基脂肪酸，这种植物有望在未来被用作一种新的油料作物。
