Politakos Nikolaos
POLYMAT, Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
Polymers (Basel). 2023 Jan 8;15(2):322. doi: 10.3390/polym15020322.
3D printing is a manufacturing technique in constant evolution. Day by day, new materials and methods are discovered, making 3D printing continually develop. 3D printers are also evolving, giving us objects with better resolution, faster, and in mass production. One of the areas in 3D printing that has excellent potential is 4D printing. It is a technique involving materials that can react to an environmental stimulus (pH, heat, magnetism, humidity, electricity, and light), causing an alteration in their physical or chemical state and performing another function. Lately, 3D/4D printing has been increasingly used for fabricating materials aiming at drug delivery, scaffolds, bioinks, tissue engineering (soft and hard), synthetic organs, and even printed cells. The majority of the materials used in 3D printing are polymeric. These materials can be of natural origin or synthetic ones of different architectures and combinations. The use of block copolymers can combine the exemplary properties of both blocks to have better mechanics, processability, biocompatibility, and possible stimulus behavior via tunable structures. This review has gathered fundamental aspects of 3D/4D printing for biomaterials, and it shows the advances and applications of block copolymers in the field of biomaterials over the last years.
3D打印是一种不断发展的制造技术。日复一日，新的材料和方法不断被发现，推动着3D打印持续发展。3D打印机也在不断演进，为我们提供分辨率更高、速度更快且能大规模生产的物品。3D打印中具有巨大潜力的领域之一是4D打印。它是一种涉及能对环境刺激（pH值、热、磁、湿度、电和光）做出反应的材料的技术，这种反应会导致材料物理或化学状态的改变并执行另一功能。近来，3D/4D打印越来越多地用于制造旨在用于药物递送、支架、生物墨水、组织工程（软硬组织）、合成器官甚至打印细胞的材料。3D打印中使用的大多数材料是聚合物。这些材料可以是天然来源的，也可以是具有不同结构和组合的合成材料。嵌段共聚物的使用可以将两种嵌段的优异性能结合起来，以通过可调结构获得更好的力学性能、加工性能、生物相容性以及可能的刺激响应行为。本综述收集了3D/4D打印生物材料的基本方面，并展示了近年来嵌段共聚物在生物材料领域的进展和应用。
