Keselman Alla, Arnott Smith Catherine, Wilson Amanda J, Leroy Gondy, Kaufman David R
National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
Information School, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Vaccines (Basel). 2022 Dec 30;11(1):94. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11010094.
The development of COVID-19 vaccines is a major scientific accomplishment that has armed communities worldwide with powerful epidemic control tools. Yet, COVID-19 vaccination efforts in the US have been marred by persistent vaccine hesitancy. We used survey methodology to explore the impact of different cognitive and cultural factors on the public's general vaccination attitudes, attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines, and COVID-19 vaccination status. The factors include information literacy, science literacy, attitudes towards science, interpersonal trust, public health trust, political ideology, and religiosity. The analysis suggests that attitudes towards vaccination are influenced by a multitude of factors that operate in a complex manner. General vaccination attitude was most affected by attitudes towards science and public health trust and to a lesser degree by information literacy, science literacy, and religiosity. Attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines were most affected by public health trust and to a lesser extent by general trust, ideology and attitudes towards science. Vaccination status was most influenced by public health trust. Possible mediating effects of correlated variables in the model need to be further explored. The study underscores the importance of understanding the relationship between public health trust, literacies, and sociocultural factors.
新冠疫苗的研发是一项重大科学成就，为全球各地的社区提供了强大的疫情防控工具。然而，美国的新冠疫苗接种工作一直受到持续存在的疫苗犹豫情绪的影响。我们采用调查方法，探讨了不同认知和文化因素对公众的总体疫苗接种态度、对新冠疫苗的态度以及新冠疫苗接种状况的影响。这些因素包括信息素养、科学素养、对科学的态度、人际信任、公共卫生信任、政治意识形态和宗教信仰。分析表明，疫苗接种态度受到多种因素的影响，这些因素以复杂的方式相互作用。总体疫苗接种态度受对科学的态度和公共卫生信任的影响最大，信息素养、科学素养和宗教信仰的影响较小。对新冠疫苗的态度受公共卫生信任的影响最大，一般信任、意识形态和对科学的态度的影响较小。疫苗接种状况受公共卫生信任的影响最大。模型中相关变量可能的中介作用有待进一步探索。该研究强调了理解公共卫生信任、素养和社会文化因素之间关系的重要性。
