Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201108, China.
Neurosci Bull. 2023 Jun;39(6):1009-1026. doi: 10.1007/s12264-023-01020-1. Epub 2023 Jan 21.
Anxiety disorders are currently a major psychiatric and social problem, the mechanisms of which have been only partially elucidated. The hippocampus serves as a major target of stress mediators and is closely related to anxiety modulation. Yet so far, its complex anatomy has been a challenge for research on the mechanisms of anxiety regulation. Recent advances in imaging, virus tracking, and optogenetics/chemogenetics have permitted elucidation of the activity, connectivity, and function of specific cell types within the hippocampus and its connected brain regions, providing mechanistic insights into the elaborate organization of the hippocampal circuitry underlying anxiety. Studies of hippocampal neurotransmitter systems, including glutamatergic, GABAergic, cholinergic, dopaminergic, and serotonergic systems, have contributed to the interpretation of the underlying neural mechanisms of anxiety. Neuropeptides and neuroinflammatory factors are also involved in anxiety modulation. This review comprehensively summarizes the hippocampal mechanisms associated with anxiety modulation, based on molecular, cellular, and circuit properties, to provide tailored targets for future anxiety treatment.
焦虑障碍是当前主要的精神和社会问题之一，但其发病机制尚不完全清楚。海马体作为应激介质的主要靶器官，与焦虑的调节密切相关。然而，到目前为止，其复杂的解剖结构一直是研究焦虑调节机制的一个挑战。近年来，成像、病毒追踪和光遗传学/化学遗传学的进展，使得我们能够阐明海马体及其连接的脑区中特定细胞类型的活动、连接和功能，为理解焦虑相关的海马回路的精细组织提供了机制见解。对海马神经递质系统（包括谷氨酸能、GABA 能、胆碱能、多巴胺能和 5-羟色胺能系统）的研究有助于解释焦虑的潜在神经机制。神经肽和神经炎症因子也参与了焦虑的调节。本综述基于分子、细胞和回路特性，全面总结了与焦虑调节相关的海马体机制，为未来的焦虑治疗提供了有针对性的靶点。
