Hussein Mennatullah A M, Kiwan Nedaa A, Aly Yahya Raafat, Badawy Abdelnaser A, Hussein Abdelaziz M
Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
Acta Neurol Belg. 2025 Aug 9. doi: 10.1007/s13760-025-02857-1.
As a component of the limbic system, the hippocampal region, one of the deep structures of the medial temporal lobe, is a complex structure involved in a wide range of cognitive processes, including declarative memory, spatial memory, and emotional reactions. The subiculum, the dentate gyrus (DG), and the cornu of Ammonis (CA)-which includes the four subfields CA4, CA3, CA2, and CA1-make up the hippocampus. The hippocampus is known to have the lowest seizure threshold. Therefore, the hippocampus is relatively more prone to seizures, and plays a significant role in epilepsy. Also, it has been reported that seizures can result in abnormal hippocampal neurogenesis and malfunctioning circuits that impair hippocampal function. Several mechanisms have been suggested for the process of epileptogenesis including gliosis, neuronal degeneration, neurotransmitter disturbances, channelopathy, neuroinflammations, and axonal plasticity. In this review, we will focus on the role of the hippocampus in the process of epileptogenesis, as well as on the morphological changes in hippocampal structure, neuronal circuits, neurotransmitters and neurosteroids in epilepsy.
作为边缘系统的一个组成部分，海马区是内侧颞叶的深层结构之一，是一个参与广泛认知过程的复杂结构，包括陈述性记忆、空间记忆和情绪反应。海马体由下托、齿状回（DG）和海马角（CA）组成，其中海马角包括四个子区域CA4、CA3、CA2和CA1。已知海马体的癫痫阈值最低。因此，海马体相对更容易发生癫痫，并且在癫痫中起重要作用。此外，据报道癫痫发作可导致海马神经发生异常和损害海马功能的电路故障。癫痫发生过程中已提出了几种机制，包括胶质增生、神经元变性、神经递质紊乱、离子通道病、神经炎症和轴突可塑性。在这篇综述中，我们将重点关注海马体在癫痫发生过程中的作用，以及癫痫中海马结构、神经元回路、神经递质和神经甾体的形态学变化。
