Department of Chemistry Ugo Schiff, University of Florence, Via Della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto, Fiorentino, Italy.
Medical Oncology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2023 Mar;415(6):1087-1106. doi: 10.1007/s00216-023-04530-z. Epub 2023 Jan 22.
To tackle cancer and provide prompt diagnoses and prognoses, the constantly evolving biosensing field is continuously on the lookout for novel markers that can be non-invasively analysed. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) may represent a promising biomarker that also works as a source of biomarkers. The augmented cellular activity of cancerous cells leads to the production of higher numbers of EVs, which can give direct information on the disease due to the presence of general and cancer-specific surface-tethered molecules. Moreover, the intravesicular space is enriched with other molecules that can considerably help in the early detection of neoplasia. Even though EV-targeted research has indubitably received broad attention lately, there still is a wide lack of practical and effective quantitative procedures due to difficulties in pre-analytical and analytical phases. This review aims at providing an exhaustive outline of the recent progress in EV detection using electrochemical and photoelectrochemical biosensors, with a focus on handling approaches and trends in the selection of bioreceptors and molecular targets related to EVs that might guide researchers that are approaching such an unstandardised field.
为了攻克癌症并提供及时的诊断和预后，不断发展的生物传感领域一直在寻找新的标志物，可以进行非侵入性分析。细胞外囊泡 (EVs) 可能是一种很有前途的生物标志物，同时也是生物标志物的来源。由于存在一般和癌症特异性的表面连接分子，癌细胞的细胞活性增强会导致 EVs 的产生数量增加，这可以直接提供有关疾病的信息。此外，囊泡内空间富含其他分子，这可以极大地帮助早期检测肿瘤。尽管 EV 为靶向的研究最近无疑受到了广泛关注，但由于在分析前和分析阶段存在困难，仍然缺乏实用和有效的定量程序。本综述旨在全面概述使用电化学和光电化学生物传感器检测 EV 的最新进展，重点介绍处理方法和生物受体以及与 EV 相关的分子靶标的选择趋势，这可能为正在研究这一非标准化领域的研究人员提供指导。
