Gaoh Bassirou Sani Boubacar, Gangashetty Prakash I, Mohammed Riyazaddin, Ango Issoufou Kassari, Dzidzienyo Daniel Kwadjo, Tongoona Pangirayi, Govindaraj Mahalingam
Pearl Millet Breeding, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Niamey, Niger.
West African Centre for Crop Improvement, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.
Front Plant Sci. 2023 Jan 6;13:1027279. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1027279. eCollection 2022.
Micronutrient malnutrition is a major challenge in Africa, where half a million children die each year because of lack of micronutrients in their food. Pearl millet is an important food and fodder crop for the people living in the Semi-Arid regions of West Africa. The present study was conducted to determine the stability, combining ability, and gene action conditions of the high level of Fe and Zn content in grain and selected agronomic traits. Hence, eight genotypes were selected based on the availability of grain Fe and Zn contents and crossed in a full diallel mating design. Progenies from an 8 × 8 diallel mating along with the parents were evaluated in an alpha lattice design with three replications in three locations for two years. The parental lines Jirani, LCIC 9702 and MORO, had positive significant general combining ability (GCA) effects for grain Fe concentration, while Jirani and MORO had positive significant GCA effects for grain Zn concentration. For the specific combining ability (SCA), among the 56 hybrids evaluated, only the hybrids LCIC 9702 × Jirani and MORO × ZANGO had positive significant SCA effects for grain Fe concentration across locations, and for grain Zn concentration, the hybrids Gamoji × MORO, LCIC 9702 × Jirani, and ICMV 167006 × Jirani had positive significant SCA effects. The reciprocal effects were significant for grain Zn concentration, grain yield, flowering time, plant height, test weight, and downy mildew incidence, suggesting that the choice of a female or male parent is critical in hybrid production. Grain Fe and Zn concentration, flowering time, plant height, panicle length, panicle girth, panicle compactness, and downy mildew incidence were found to be predominantly under additive gene action, while grain yield and test weight were predominantly under non-additive gene action. A highly positive correlation was found between grain Fe and Zn concentrations, which implies that improving grain Fe trait automatically improves the grain Zn content. The stability analysis revealed that the hybrid ICMV 167006 × Jirani was the most stable and high-yielding with a high level of grain Fe and Zn micronutrients.
微量营养素营养不良是非洲面临的一项重大挑战，在非洲，每年有50万儿童因食物中缺乏微量营养素而死亡。珍珠粟是生活在西非半干旱地区人们的重要粮食和饲料作物。本研究旨在确定籽粒中高水平铁和锌含量以及选定农艺性状的稳定性、配合力和基因作用条件。因此，根据籽粒铁和锌含量的可获得性选择了8个基因型，并采用完全双列杂交设计进行杂交。8×8双列杂交的后代以及亲本在α格子设计中进行评估，在三个地点进行了三年的三次重复试验。亲本系Jirani、LCIC 9702和MORO对籽粒铁浓度具有显著正向一般配合力（GCA）效应，而Jirani和MORO对籽粒锌浓度具有显著正向GCA效应。对于特殊配合力（SCA），在评估的56个杂交组合中，只有杂交组合LCIC 9702×Jirani和MORO×ZANGO在不同地点对籽粒铁浓度具有显著正向SCA效应，对于籽粒锌浓度，杂交组合Gamoji×MORO、LCIC 9702×Jirani和ICMV 167006×Jirani具有显著正向SCA效应。籽粒锌浓度、籽粒产量、开花时间、株高、容重和霜霉病发病率的正反交效应均显著，这表明在杂交种生产中选择母本或父本至关重要。籽粒铁和锌浓度、开花时间、株高、穗长、穗周长、穗紧密度和霜霉病发病率主要受加性基因作用影响，而籽粒产量和容重主要受非加性基因作用影响。籽粒铁和锌浓度之间存在高度正相关，这意味着改善籽粒铁性状会自动提高籽粒锌含量。稳定性分析表明，杂交组合ICMV 167006×Jirani是最稳定、高产且籽粒铁和锌微量营养素含量高的组合。
