Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China.
Basic Medicine College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Front Immunol. 2023 Jan 5;13:1091543. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1091543. eCollection 2022.
Despite noteworthy progress made in the management and treatment of HIV/AIDS-related disease, including the introduction of the now almost ubiquitous HAART, there remains much to understand with respect to HIV infection. Although some roles that miRNAs play in some diseases have become more obvious of late, the roles of miRNAs in the context of HIV pathogenesis have not, as yet, been elucidated, and require further investigations. miRNAs can either be beneficial or harmful to the host, depending upon the genes they target. Some miRNAs target the 3' UTR of viral mRNAs to accomplish restriction of viral infection. However, upon HIV-1 infection, there are several dysregulated host miRNAs which target their respective host factors to either facilitate or abrogate viral infection. In this review, we discuss the miRNAs which play roles in various aspects of viral pathogenesis. We describe in detail the various mechanisms thereby miRNAs either directly or indirectly regulate HIV-1 infection. Moreover, the predictive roles of miRNAs in various aspects of the HIV viral life cycle are also discussed. Contemporary antiretroviral therapeutic drugs have received much attention recently, due to their success in the treatment of HIV/AIDS; therefore, miRNA involvement in various aspects of antiretroviral therapeutics are also elaborated upon herein. The therapeutic potential of miRNAs are discussed, and we also propose herein that the therapeutic potential of one specific miRNA, miR-34a, warrants further exploration, as this miRNA is known to target three host proteins to promote HIV-1 pathogenesis. Finally, future perspectives and some controversy around the expression of miRNAs by HIV-1 are also discussed.
尽管在管理和治疗 HIV/AIDS 相关疾病方面取得了显著进展，包括引入现在几乎无处不在的 HAART，但仍有许多方面需要了解 HIV 感染。尽管 miRNA 在某些疾病中的作用最近变得更加明显，但 miRNA 在 HIV 发病机制中的作用尚未阐明，需要进一步研究。miRNA 对宿主可能有益也可能有害，具体取决于它们的靶基因。一些 miRNA 靶向病毒 mRNAs 的 3'UTR 以实现对病毒感染的限制。然而，在 HIV-1 感染后，有几种失调的宿主 miRNA 靶向其各自的宿主因子，以促进或阻断病毒感染。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了在病毒发病机制的各个方面发挥作用的 miRNA。我们详细描述了 miRNA 直接或间接调节 HIV-1 感染的各种机制。此外，还讨论了 miRNA 在 HIV 病毒生命周期的各个方面的预测作用。由于最近在治疗 HIV/AIDS 方面取得了成功，当代抗逆转录病毒治疗药物受到了广泛关注；因此，本文还阐述了 miRNA 在各种抗逆转录病毒治疗方面的参与。讨论了 miRNA 的治疗潜力，我们还提出 miR-34a 的治疗潜力值得进一步探索，因为已知该 miRNA 靶向三种宿主蛋白以促进 HIV-1 发病机制。最后，还讨论了 HIV-1 表达 miRNA 的未来展望和一些争议。
