Zaongo Silvere D, Wu Wenlin, Chen Yaokai
Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China.
College of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Front Psychiatry. 2025 Apr 17;16:1557816. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1557816. eCollection 2025.
Cumulative evidence indicates that compared to HIV negative individuals, people living with HIV (PLWH) have a higher likelihood of developing depression, anxiety, and cognitive disorders. Depression, which is known to be a persistent and overwhelming feeling of sadness accompanied by a loss of interest in usual activities, is one of the most common mental illnesses encountered during HIV infection. Experts believe that several factors such as neuroinflammation, life stressors, lack of sleep, poor nutritional state, opportunistic infections and comorbidities, and HIV medications are contributing factors favoring the development of depression in PLWH. However, the fundamental mechanisms which underlie the involvement of these factors in the emergence of depression in the context of HIV remain poorly explored. Past researches describing the role of one or two of the preceding factors do exist; however, very few articles tackle this important topic while considering the several different putative causative factors comprehensively in the particular context of HIV infection. Herein, we elaborate on the factors currently understood to be responsible for the development of depression, and discuss the particular fundamental mechanisms whereby each factor may result in the outcome of depression. We believe that the understanding of these factors and of their underlying mechanisms is essential for the development of future therapeutic interventions to alleviate the burden of depression commonly seen in PLWH, and therefore facilitate the development of strategies to improve their overall quality of life.
越来越多的证据表明，与艾滋病毒阴性个体相比，艾滋病毒感染者（PLWH）患抑郁症、焦虑症和认知障碍的可能性更高。抑郁症是艾滋病毒感染期间最常见的精神疾病之一，其特征是持续存在且强烈的悲伤情绪，并伴有对日常活动失去兴趣。专家认为，神经炎症、生活压力源、睡眠不足、营养状况差、机会性感染和合并症以及艾滋病毒药物等多种因素是导致PLWH患抑郁症的促成因素。然而，在艾滋病毒背景下，这些因素参与抑郁症发生的基本机制仍未得到充分探索。过去确实有研究描述了上述一两个因素的作用；然而，在艾滋病毒感染的特定背景下，很少有文章在全面考虑几种不同的假定致病因素的同时探讨这一重要话题。在此，我们详细阐述目前已知的导致抑郁症的因素，并讨论每个因素可能导致抑郁症结果的具体基本机制。我们认为，了解这些因素及其潜在机制对于开发未来的治疗干预措施以减轻PLWH中常见的抑郁症负担至关重要，从而有助于制定提高他们整体生活质量的策略。
