自然杀伤细胞在针对结直肠癌的先天免疫中的作用。

Contribution of natural killer cells in innate immunity against colorectal cancer.

作者信息

Ghazvinian Zeinab, Abdolahi Shahrokh, Tokhanbigli Samaneh, Tarzemani Shadi, Piccin Andrea, Reza Zali Mohammad, Verdi Javad, Baghaei Kaveh

机构信息

Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

出版信息

Front Oncol. 2023 Jan 4;12:1077053. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1077053. eCollection 2022.

Abstract

Natural killer cells are members of the innate immune system and promote cytotoxic activity against tumor or infected cells independently from MHC recognition. NK cells are modulated by the expression of activator/inhibitory receptors. The ratio of this activator/inhibitory receptors is responsible for the cytotoxic activity of NK cells toward the target cells. Owing to the potent anti-tumor properties of NK cells, they are considered as interesting approach in tumor treatment. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of death in the world and the incidence is about 2 million new cases per year. Metastatic CRC is accompanied by a poor prognosis with less than three years of overall survival. Chemotherapy and surgery are the most adopted treatments. Besides, targeted therapy and immune checkpoint blockade are novel approach to CRC treatment. In these patients, circulating NK cells are a prognostic marker. The main target of CRC immune cell therapy is to improve the tumor cell's recognition and elimination by immune cells. Adaptive NK cell therapy is the milestone to achieve the purpose. Allogeneic NK cell therapy has been widely investigated within clinical trials. In this review, we focus on the NK related approaches including CAR NK cells, cell-based vaccines, monoclonal antibodies and immunomodulatory drugs against CRC tumoral cells.

摘要

自然杀伤细胞是先天性免疫系统的成员,可独立于主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)识别,促进对肿瘤细胞或受感染细胞的细胞毒性活性。NK细胞受激活/抑制受体表达的调节。这种激活/抑制受体的比例决定了NK细胞对靶细胞的细胞毒性活性。由于NK细胞具有强大的抗肿瘤特性,它们被认为是肿瘤治疗中一种有前景的方法。结直肠癌(CRC)是全球第二大常见死因,每年新发病例约200万。转移性结直肠癌预后较差,总生存期不到三年。化疗和手术是最常用的治疗方法。此外,靶向治疗和免疫检查点阻断是结直肠癌治疗的新方法。在这些患者中,循环NK细胞是一种预后标志物。结直肠癌免疫细胞治疗的主要目标是提高免疫细胞对肿瘤细胞的识别和清除能力。适应性NK细胞治疗是实现这一目标的里程碑。同种异体NK细胞治疗已在临床试验中得到广泛研究。在本综述中,我们重点关注与NK相关的方法,包括嵌合抗原受体(CAR)-NK细胞、细胞疫苗、单克隆抗体和针对结直肠癌肿瘤细胞的免疫调节药物。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/0046/9846259/7a3df062e2cf/fonc-12-1077053-g001.jpg

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