Liu James Y, Sayes Christie M
Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
Curr Res Toxicol. 2022 Dec 23;4:100101. doi: 10.1016/j.crtox.2022.100101. eCollection 2023.
Lung surfactant (LS) is a mixture of lipids and proteins that forms a thin film at the gas-exchange surfaces of the alveoli. The components and ultrastructure of LS contribute to its biophysical and biochemical functions in the respiratory system, most notably the lowering of surface tension to facilitate breathing mechanics. LS inhibition can be caused by metabolic deficiencies or the intrusion of endogenous or exogenous substances. While LS has been sourced from animals or synthesized for clinical therapeutics, the biofluid mixture has also gained recent interest as a biophysical model for inhalation toxicity. Various methods can be used to evaluate LS function quantitatively or qualitatively after exposure to potential toxicants. A narrative review of the recent literature was conducted. Studies focused whether LS was inhibited by various environmental contaminants, nanoparticles, or manufactured products. A review is also conducted on synthetic lung surfactants (SLS), which have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional animal-sourced LS. The intrinsic advantages and recent advances of SLS make a strong case for more widespread usage in LS-based toxicological assays.
肺表面活性剂（LS）是脂质和蛋白质的混合物，在肺泡的气体交换表面形成一层薄膜。LS的成分和超微结构有助于其在呼吸系统中的生物物理和生化功能，最显著的是降低表面张力以促进呼吸力学。LS抑制可能由代谢缺陷或内源性或外源性物质的侵入引起。虽然LS已从动物身上获取或合成用于临床治疗，但这种生物流体混合物最近也作为吸入毒性的生物物理模型受到关注。接触潜在毒物后，可以使用各种方法对LS功能进行定量或定性评估。对近期文献进行了叙述性综述。研究集中在LS是否受到各种环境污染物、纳米颗粒或制成品的抑制。还对合成肺表面活性剂（SLS）进行了综述，SLS已成为传统动物源性LS的一种有前途的替代品。SLS的固有优势和最新进展有力地证明了其在基于LS的毒理学检测中更广泛应用的合理性。
