Unione Italiana Vini, Viale del Lavoro, 8 - 37135 Verona, Italy.
CNR, Institute of Science of Food Production (ISPA), Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
Lett Appl Microbiol. 2023 Jan 23;76(1). doi: 10.1093/lambio/ovac028.
Pichia and Candida species include biofilm-forming yeasts able to spoil foods and beverages. Strains belonging to 10 Pichia and Candida species isolated from apples, grape musts, and wines were analysed. They were subjected to molecular typing and characterized for their ability to grow and ferment must for cider and wine production, and for their biofilm properties. All strains grew similarly in apple and grape must. Glucose-fermenting strains displayed differentiated fermentation performances. Great variation in SO2 and ethanol sensitivity was observed among the strains. Pichia manshurica strains showed high tolerance to both molecules. Eleven and five surface-spreading biofilm (MAT) phenotypes were identified in solid and liquid media, respectively. Strains produced biofilms with variable thicknesses and widths in culture tubes. Cell adherence and aqueous-hydrocarbon biphasic hydrophobicity assays were carried out. Some Pichia manshurica and P. membranifaciens strains exhibited a high capacity to form a thick biofilm and had high cell adherence and hydrophobicity values. These strains could be more likely to colonize the internal surfaces of tanks. This study evidenced that some Pichia and Candida strains can proliferate during apple and grape must fermentation and may be detrimental the beverage quality, due to their specific biofilm properties.
毕赤酵母属和假丝酵母属包括能够使食品和饮料变质的形成生物膜的酵母。分析了从苹果、葡萄汁和葡萄酒中分离出的 10 株毕赤酵母属和假丝酵母属菌株。对它们进行了分子分型，并对其在苹果汁和葡萄酒生产中生长和发酵葡萄汁的能力以及生物膜特性进行了表征。所有菌株在苹果汁和葡萄汁中生长情况相似。葡萄糖发酵菌株显示出不同的发酵性能。菌株对 SO2 和乙醇的敏感性存在很大差异。Pichia manshurica 菌株对这两种分子均表现出较高的耐受性。在固体和液体培养基中分别鉴定出 11 种和 5 种表面扩散生物膜（MAT）表型。菌株在培养管中形成厚度和宽度不同的生物膜。进行了细胞黏附和水-烃两相疏水性测定。一些 Pichia manshurica 和 P. membranifaciens 菌株表现出形成厚生物膜的高能力，并且具有高细胞黏附性和疏水性值。这些菌株可能更容易在罐的内表面定植。本研究表明，由于其特定的生物膜特性，一些毕赤酵母属和假丝酵母属菌株可以在苹果和葡萄汁发酵过程中增殖，并可能对饮料质量造成危害。
