Syngenta Proteção de Cultivos Ltda, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Syngenta Crop Protection, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA.
Integr Environ Assess Manag. 2023 Sep;19(5):1374-1384. doi: 10.1002/ieam.4741. Epub 2023 Feb 16.
Estimating exposure is one of the most important steps in an environmental risk analysis of crop-protection products to nontarget organisms. Regulatory agencies such as the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA), and European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) all use mathematical exposure models in their regulatory assessment process. Brazil has been discussing the adoption of the Pesticide in Water Calculator (PWC) to be applied in aquatic pesticide risk assessment. Therefore, a qualitative sensitivity analysis (Morris OAT method) was performed to understand which are the most important local parameters in the PWC to estimate environmental concentrations in surface water (EEC ). In addition, an exercise made up of two corn scenarios in two Brazilian regions was developed (Uberlândia [UDI] and Arapoti [ARA]). Two herbicides with different soil-binding properties and modes of action were selected to estimate the EEC . The results demonstrated that the parameters of importance were different for each site, probably the result of different soil characteristics and meteorological patterns. This outcome suggests that regulatory agencies should consider developing more than one scenario to account for different agricultural regions. For Herbicide 1, the EEC for UDI were similar to US scenarios, whereas for ARA they were lower. For Herbicide 2, the EEC for the UDI site was higher than most of the US scenarios, whereas at the ARA site, EECs were similar to four US scenarios and lower than the other six. Local data were used as a refinement, resulting in the decrease in the EEC for both herbicides in the UDI site. For the ARA site, Herbicide 1 displayed a similar EEC value, whereas for Herbicide 2, it was lower after the refinement. Overall, these results demonstrated the importance of developing local scenarios to provide more realism to estimate pesticide exposure from its agricultural use and may help regulators to determine and recommend mitigations regarding the use of crop-protection products. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:1374-1384. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
估算暴露量是作物保护产品对非靶标生物进行环境风险分析的最重要步骤之一。监管机构，如美国环境保护署（USEPA）、害虫管理监管机构（PMRA）和欧洲食品安全局（EFSA），都在其监管评估过程中使用数学暴露模型。巴西一直在讨论采用农药在水中计算器（PWC），以应用于水生农药风险评估。因此，进行了定性敏感性分析（Morris OAT 方法），以了解 PWC 中哪些是估算地表水环境浓度（EEC）最重要的本地参数。此外，还开发了两个巴西地区的两个玉米情景的练习（Uberlândia [UDI]和 Arapoti [ARA]）。选择了两种具有不同土壤结合特性和作用模式的除草剂来估计 EEC。结果表明，每个地点的重要参数都不同，这可能是由于土壤特性和气象模式的不同造成的。这一结果表明，监管机构应考虑制定多个方案，以考虑不同的农业区域。对于除草剂 1，UDI 的 EEC 与美国情景相似，而对于 ARA，则较低。对于除草剂 2，UDI 地点的 EEC 高于美国大部分情景，而在 ARA 地点，EEC 与四个美国情景相似，低于其他六个。使用本地数据进行细化，导致两种除草剂在 UDI 地点的 EEC 降低。对于 ARA 地点，除草剂 1 显示出相似的 EEC 值，而对于除草剂 2，在细化后则较低。总体而言，这些结果表明，开发本地情景对于更真实地估计其农业用途的农药暴露量非常重要，这可能有助于监管机构确定并建议减轻作物保护产品的使用。2023 年《综合环境评估与管理》第 19 卷第 1374-1384 页。版权所有 2023 年由 Wiley Periodicals LLC 代表环境毒理与化学学会（SETAC）出版。
