嗅觉功能障碍标志物与向痴呆进展：一项为期 12 年的基于人群的研究。
Markers of olfactory dysfunction and progression to dementia: A 12-year population-based study.
机构信息
Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden.
出版信息
Alzheimers Dement. 2023 Jul;19(7):3019-3027. doi: 10.1002/alz.12932. Epub 2023 Jan 23.
INTRODUCTION
We evaluated markers of olfactory dysfunction (OD) for estimating hazard of dementia in older adults.
METHODS
Mild (hyposmia) and severe (anosmia) OD was classified in a population-based study of dementia-free persons (SNAC-K; n = 2473; mean age = 70 years) using the Sniffin sticks odor identification task. Combined variables were created for objective and subjective OD and for OD and APOE status. Hazard of dementia across 12 years was estimated with Cox regression.
RESULTS
OD was associated with increased hazard of dementia (2.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.60-2.52), with the strongest association for anosmia (2.92; 95% CI 2.14-3.98). Results remained consistent after adjusting for potential confounders and across age and sex subgroups. APOE ε4 carriers with anosmia had the highest hazard of dementia (ε4: 6.95; 95% CI 4.16-11.62; ε4/ε4: 19.84; 95% CI 6.17-63.78).
DISCUSSION
OD is associated with increased risk of dementia, especially severe impairment in combination with genetic risk of Alzheimer's disease.
简介
我们评估了嗅觉功能障碍（OD）标志物，以估计老年人群痴呆的发病风险。
方法
在一项针对无痴呆人群的基于人群的研究（SNAC-K；n=2473；平均年龄 70 岁）中，使用嗅觉探测棒嗅觉识别任务对轻度（嗅觉减退）和重度（嗅觉丧失）OD 进行分类。为客观和主观 OD 以及 OD 和 APOE 状态创建了组合变量。使用 Cox 回归估计 12 年内痴呆的发病风险。
结果
OD 与痴呆发病风险增加相关（2.01；95%置信区间 [CI] 1.60-2.52），其中嗅觉丧失的相关性最强（2.92；95% CI 2.14-3.98）。在调整潜在混杂因素以及年龄和性别亚组后，结果仍然一致。伴有嗅觉丧失的 APOE ε4 携带者痴呆发病风险最高（ε4：6.95；95% CI 4.16-11.62；ε4/ε4：19.84；95% CI 6.17-63.78）。
讨论
OD 与痴呆风险增加相关，尤其是与阿尔茨海默病的遗传风险相结合的严重损害。
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