Paradigm of lyotropic liquid crystals in tissue regeneration.

The liquid crystalline phase has attracted tremendous attention from researchers across the globe due to its intriguing properties. In this article, we enumerate the different classes of liquid crystals. Lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs) exhibit their liquid crystalline nature based on the surrounding solvent media, which opens novel horizons in drug delivery and tissue regeneration. The advantages of LLCs in the said fields and the thermodynamic mechanistic insights responsible for their structural stabilization have been conveyed. Various fabrication and characterization techniques, along with factors influencing the formation of LLCs, have been discussed. Applications in novel therapeutic avenues like bone extracellular matrix, cardiac remodeling, wound management, and implants have been unveiled. Also, regulatory considerations, patent, and clinical portfolios to circumvent the hurdles of clinical translation have been discussed. LLCs could be a promising approach in diverse avenues of tissue regeneration.