Valle D, Mujica V, Gonzalez A
Protección Vegetal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, INIA Las Brujas, Canelones, Uruguay.
Laboratorio de Ecología Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
J Chem Ecol. 2023 Jun;49(5-6):262-275. doi: 10.1007/s10886-023-01403-8. Epub 2023 Jan 23.
Biological control may benefit from the behavioral manipulation of natural enemies using volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Among these, herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) provide potential tools for attracting or retaining predators and parasitoids of insect pests. This work aimed to characterize the VOCs emitted by pear plants in response to attack by Cacopsylla bidens (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), a major pest in pear orchards, to compare these with VOCs induced by a leaf chewing insect, Argyrotaenia sphaleropa (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and to evaluate the behavioral response of Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) to HIPVs from pear plants damaged by either herbivore. The results demonstrated that plants damaged by the pear psylla emitted VOC blends with increased amounts of aliphatic aldehydes. Leafroller damage resulted in increased amounts of benzeneacetonitrile, (E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene, β-ocimene and caryophyllene. In olfactometer bioassays, larvae of C. externa were attracted to herbivore-damaged plants when contrasted with undamaged plants. When plant odors from psylla-damaged were contrasted with those of leafroller-damaged plants, C.externa preferred the former, also showing shorter response lag-times and higher response rates when psylla-damaged plants were present. Our results suggest that pear plants respond to herbivory by modifying their volatile profile, and that psylla-induced volatiles may be used as prey-specific chemical cues by chrysopid larvae. Our study is the first to report HIPVs in pear plants attacked by C. bidens, as well as the attraction of C. externa to psyllid-induced volatiles.
利用挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）对天敌进行行为操控，可能会给生物防治带来益处。其中，植食性昆虫诱导植物挥发物（HIPVs）为吸引或留存害虫的捕食者和寄生蜂提供了潜在工具。这项研究旨在鉴定梨树在遭受梨木虱（半翅目：木虱科）——梨果园的一种主要害虫——攻击时所释放的挥发性有机化合物，将其与经食叶昆虫苹果蠹蛾（鳞翅目：卷蛾科）诱导产生的挥发性有机化合物进行比较，并评估外来普通草蛉（脉翅目：草蛉科）对受这两种食草动物危害的梨树所释放的植食性昆虫诱导植物挥发物的行为反应。结果表明，受梨木虱危害的植物所释放的挥发性有机化合物混合物中脂肪族醛类含量增加。卷叶蛾危害导致苯乙腈、（E）-4,8-二甲基壬-1,3,7-三烯、β-罗勒烯和石竹烯含量增加。在嗅觉仪生物测定中，与未受危害的植物相比，外来普通草蛉幼虫被受食草动物危害的植物所吸引。当将受梨木虱危害的植物气味与受卷叶蛾危害的植物气味进行对比时，外来普通草蛉更喜欢前者，而且当有受梨木虱危害的植物时，其反应延迟时间更短，反应率更高。我们的结果表明，梨树通过改变其挥发性特征来应对食草动物的侵害，并且梨木虱诱导产生的挥发物可能被草蛉幼虫用作特定猎物的化学信号。我们的研究首次报道了受梨木虱攻击的梨树中的植食性昆虫诱导植物挥发物，以及外来普通草蛉对木虱诱导挥发物的趋性。
