Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Expert Rev Med Devices. 2023 Jan;20(1):5-16. doi: 10.1080/17434440.2023.2170783. Epub 2023 Jan 24.
Whole blood samples, including arterial, venous, and capillary blood, are regularly used for disease diagnosis and monitoring. The global Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for a more resilient screening capacity. Minimally invasive sampling techniques, such as capillary blood sampling, are routinely used for point of care testing in the home healthcare setting and clinical settings such as the Intensive Care Unit with less pain and wounding than conventional venepuncture.
In this manuscript, we aim to provide a overview of state-of-the-art of techniques for obtaining samples of capillary blood. We first review both established and novel methods for releasing blood from capillaries in the skin. Next, we provide a comparison of different capillary blood sampling methods based on their mechanism, testing site, puncture size, cost, wound geometry, healing, and perceptions of pain. Finally, we overview established and new methods for enhancing capillary blood collection.
We expect that microneedles will prove to be a preferred option for paediatric blood collection. The ability of microneedles to collect a capillary blood sample without pain will improve paediatric healthcare outcomes. Jet injection may prove to be a useful method for facilitating both blood collection and drug delivery.
全血样本，包括动脉血、静脉血和毛细血管血，常用于疾病诊断和监测。全球新冠疫情凸显了对更具弹性筛查能力的需求。微创采样技术，如毛细血管采血，通常用于家庭医疗保健环境和重症监护病房等临床环境中的即时检测，其疼痛和创伤程度低于传统静脉穿刺。
在本文中，我们旨在提供毛细血管血样采集技术的最新技术概述。我们首先回顾了从皮肤毛细血管中释放血液的既有和新方法。接下来，我们根据其机制、检测部位、穿刺大小、成本、伤口几何形状、愈合情况和疼痛感知对不同的毛细血管采血方法进行了比较。最后，我们综述了增强毛细血管血采集的既有和新方法。
我们预计微针将被证明是儿科采血的首选方法。微针无痛采集毛细血管血样的能力将改善儿科医疗保健结果。喷射注射可能被证明是一种有用的方法，可促进血液采集和药物输送。
