Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, National Capital Region Center (NCRC), Beltsville, MD, USA.
Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
J Ethn Subst Abuse. 2024 Oct-Dec;23(4):1016-1038. doi: 10.1080/15332640.2023.2167757. Epub 2023 Jan 25.
Recent Latino immigrants (RLIs) to the U.S. have shown high smoking rates during their first year since arrival, raising concern about future escalation of tobacco use. To examine trajectories of cigarette and Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use among RLIs from pre-immigration (T0) through their first (T1) and second (T2) year in the U.S. Data originated from a longitudinal study of 540 (50% females) RLIs aged 18-34. Inclusion criteria was residing in Miami/Dade County (MDC), and having immigrated from a Latin American country within the past year. Trajectories were identified by using the Proc Traj procedure (SAS©, v 9.4). Rates of cigarette use per month declined from 11.8 days/month in T0 to 4.9 d/m in T2. Rates for ENDS use however, increased from T0 (1.1 d/m) to T1 (1.8 d/m) and then lowered back to 0.9 d/m in T2. Four separate cigarette and e-cigarette use trajectories were identified. Only one of them showed increase in cigarette (10.6% of RLIs), and ENDS use (4.5% of RLIs). Being male, and not completing high school were significant factors in explaining smoking trajectories. Being younger than 30 years old was largely associated with ENDS use. No evidence of a substitution effect between cigarette and ENDS use was found. Interventions to discourage tobacco use among Latino immigrants should begin early in the immigration process, aimed to preserve initial reductions and dissuade those at risk of increased tobacco use overtime.
最近移民到美国的拉丁裔（RLIs）在抵达美国后的第一年表现出很高的吸烟率，这引起了人们对未来烟草使用增加的担忧。本研究旨在探讨 RLIs 从移民前（T0）到美国的第一年（T1）和第二年（T2）期间吸烟和使用电子烟的轨迹。数据来源于一项对 540 名（女性占 50%）年龄在 18-34 岁的最近移民到美国的拉丁裔的纵向研究。纳入标准为居住在迈阿密/戴德县（MDC），并在过去一年中从拉丁美洲国家移民而来。轨迹通过使用 Proc Traj 程序（SAS©，v 9.4）来确定。每月吸烟天数从 T0 时的 11.8 天/月下降到 T2 时的 4.9 天/月。然而，电子烟的使用率从 T0（1.1 天/月）增加到 T1（1.8 天/月），然后又回落到 T2 时的 0.9 天/月。确定了四种不同的香烟和电子烟使用轨迹。只有一种显示出香烟（10.6%的 RLIs）和电子烟（4.5%的 RLIs）使用量的增加。男性和未完成高中学业是解释吸烟轨迹的重要因素。年龄在 30 岁以下与电子烟的使用高度相关。没有发现香烟和电子烟使用之间存在替代效应的证据。针对拉丁裔移民的控烟干预措施应在移民过程的早期开始，旨在保持初始的减少，并劝阻那些有增加烟草使用风险的人。
