Swansea University, Wales, United Kingdom.
PLoS One. 2023 Jan 25;18(1):e0278067. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278067. eCollection 2023.
Interoception, the process of detecting and interpreting bodily sensations, may facilitate self-regulation and thereby play a crucial role in achieving elite performance in competitive sports. However, there is a lack of research conducted in world-class athletes. In the present research, two studies examined self-reported (interoceptive sensibility) and behavioural (interoceptive accuracy) interoception in elite (top 100 ranking) sprint and long-distance runners, and non-athletes. Study 1 used the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness Questionnaire. Sprinters reported having better regulation of attention to internal sensations, greater emotional awareness, better self-regulation, and reported a greater propensity to listen to their body for insight, than distance runners. Compared to non-athletes, sprinters and distance runners had more bodily trust, attention regulation, and self-regualtion. Additionally, elite athletes reported lower emotional awareness, self-regulation, and body listening. Study 2 examined cardioception using two tasks: The Heartbeat Counting Task, and The Heartbeat Detection Task. Elite and non-elite runners performed the tasks under two conditions; in silence, and whilst listening to pre-recorded crowd noise that simulated the live sounds of spectators during a sporting event. Sprinters and distance runners were able to maintain heartbeat detection accuracy when distracted, whereas non-athletes could not. Across both tasks, compared to non-athletes, sprinters and distance runners were more confident than non-athletes in their interoceptive percept. Additionally, elite athletes compared to non-elite athletes were less accurate when counting their heartbeat and were characterised by a higher interoceptive prediction error. Athletic populations have altered interoceptive abilities.
内感受，即检测和解释身体感觉的过程，可能有助于自我调节，从而在竞技体育中取得优异成绩中发挥关键作用。然而，世界级运动员的相关研究还很缺乏。在本研究中，两项研究分别考察了顶尖（排名前 100）短跑和长跑运动员及非运动员的自我报告的（内感受敏感性）和行为的（内感受准确性）内感受。研究 1 使用多维内感受意识评估问卷。短跑运动员报告说，他们能够更好地调节对内部感觉的注意力，更好地察觉情绪，更好地自我调节，并且更倾向于倾听自己的身体以获得洞察力，而长跑运动员则不然。与非运动员相比，短跑运动员和长跑运动员更信任自己的身体，能够更好地调节注意力，并且更能自我调节。此外，精英运动员报告说他们的情绪意识、自我调节和倾听身体的能力较低。研究 2 使用两项任务（心跳计数任务和心跳检测任务）来考察心觉。精英和非精英跑步者在两种条件下（安静和听预先录制的人群噪音，模拟体育赛事中观众的现场声音）完成任务。当受到干扰时，短跑运动员和长跑运动员能够保持心跳检测的准确性，而非运动员则不能。在这两项任务中，与非运动员相比，短跑运动员和长跑运动员对自己的内感受知觉更有信心。此外，与非精英运动员相比，精英运动员在数自己的心跳时准确性较低，并且具有更高的内感受预测误差。运动员群体具有改变了的内感受能力。
