Institute of Sport, University of Chichester, College Lane, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 6PE, United Kingdom; Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science, University of Portsmouth, Guildhall Walk, Portsmouth PO1 2ER, United Kingdom.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2021 Dec;170:75-88. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.10.005. Epub 2021 Oct 16.
An interoception model for the acute exercise-cognition interaction is presented. During exercise following the norepinephrine threshold, interoceptive feedback induces increased tonic release of extracellular catecholamines, facilitating phasic release hence better cognitive performance of executive functions. When exercise intensity increases to maximum, the nature of task-induced norepinephrine release from the locus coeruleus is dependent on interaction between motivation, perceived effort costs and perceived availability of resources. This is controlled by interaction between the rostral and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices, orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex and anterior insula cortex. If perceived available resources are sufficient to meet predicted effort costs and reward value is high, tonic release from the locus coeruleus is attenuated thus facilitating phasic release, therefore cognition is not inhibited. However, if perceived available resources are insufficient to meet predicted effort costs or reward value is low, tonic release from the locus coeruleus is induced, attenuating phasic release. As a result, cognition is inhibited, although long-term memory and tasks that require switching to new stimuli-response couplings are probably facilitated.
提出了一个用于急性运动-认知相互作用的内感受模型。在运动过程中，当去甲肾上腺素达到阈值后，内感受反馈会引起细胞外儿茶酚胺的紧张性释放增加，从而促进相位释放，进而提高执行功能的认知表现。当运动强度增加到最大值时，蓝斑核中由任务引起的去甲肾上腺素释放的性质取决于动机、感知努力成本和感知资源可用性之间的相互作用。这由额前皮质和背外侧前额皮质、眶额皮质、前扣带皮质和前岛叶皮质之间的相互作用控制。如果感知到的可用资源足以满足预期的努力成本，并且奖励价值较高，则蓝斑核的紧张性释放会减弱，从而促进相位释放，因此认知不会受到抑制。然而，如果感知到的可用资源不足以满足预期的努力成本或奖励价值较低，则蓝斑核的紧张性释放会被诱导，从而抑制相位释放。因此，认知受到抑制，尽管长期记忆和需要切换到新的刺激-反应耦合的任务可能会得到促进。
