Moriel Avraham, Wolfenson Haguy, Bouchbinder Eran
Chemical and Biological Physics Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
Biophys Rep (N Y). 2022 Dec 29;3(1):100099. doi: 10.1016/j.bpr.2022.100099. eCollection 2023 Mar 8.
Cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion play important roles in a wide variety of physiological processes, from the single-cell level to the large scale, multicellular organization of tissues. Cells actively apply forces to their environment, either extracellular matrix or neighboring cells, as well as sense its biophysical properties. The fluctuations associated with these active processes occur on an energy scale much larger than that of ordinary thermal equilibrium fluctuations, yet their statistical properties and characteristic scales are not fully understood. Here, we compare measurements of the energy scale of active cellular fluctuations-an effective cellular temperature-in four different biophysical settings, involving both single-cell and cell-aggregate experiments under various control conditions, different cell types, and various biophysical observables. The results indicate that a similar energy scale of active fluctuations might characterize the same cell type in different settings, though it may vary among different cell types, being approximately six to eight orders of magnitude larger than the ordinary thermal energy at room temperature. These findings call for extracting the energy scale of active fluctuations over a broader range of cell types, experimental settings, and biophysical observables and for understanding the biophysical origin and significance of such cellular energy scales.
细胞与基质以及细胞与细胞之间的黏附在从单细胞水平到大规模多细胞组织的各种生理过程中发挥着重要作用。细胞会主动对其周围环境施加力，该环境既可以是细胞外基质，也可以是相邻细胞，同时细胞还能感知其生物物理特性。与这些主动过程相关的涨落在能量尺度上比普通热平衡涨落大得多，然而它们的统计特性和特征尺度尚未得到充分理解。在这里，我们比较了在四种不同生物物理环境下对主动细胞涨落能量尺度（一种有效的细胞温度）的测量，这些环境涉及在各种控制条件下的单细胞和细胞聚集体实验、不同的细胞类型以及各种生物物理可观测量。结果表明，主动涨落的类似能量尺度可能表征不同环境中的相同细胞类型，尽管它可能因不同细胞类型而异，比室温下的普通热能大约大六到八个数量级。这些发现呼吁在更广泛的细胞类型、实验设置和生物物理可观测量范围内提取主动涨落的能量尺度，并理解这种细胞能量尺度的生物物理起源和意义。
