Ecer Emrullah
Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
Psychol Russ. 2022 Sep 15;15(3):21-37. doi: 10.11621/pir.2022.0302. eCollection 2022.
Attachment-related anxiety and avoidance have a significant impact on self-esteem, optimism, and hope. Moreover, previous studies have shown that religiosity can also be an important factor in promoting hope and emotional regulation.
The first aim of this study was to explore the relationship between attachment-related anxiety, attachment-related avoidance, dispositional hope, generalized self-efficacy (GSE), future time perspective (FTP) as future time opportunities (FTO), and focus on limitations (FOL). The second purpose was to detect the effect of religiosity on hope, GSE, and FTP.
The study involved 153 Turkish participants (Females n = 81, 52.9%), between the ages of 18 and 66, who filled out the Dispositional Hope Scale, and the Experience in Close Relationship-Revised (ECR-R), FTP, and GSE inventories via a Google survey. A Pearson correlation test, multiple linear regression analysis, and an independent t-test were computed.
Attachment-related anxiety was inversely related to dispositional hope and GSE, while it was positively associated with FOL. Attachment-related avoidance was negatively related to dispositional hope and FTO, whereas it was positively correlated with FOL. FTO was positively correlated with GSE and dispositional hope. Religious participants had a higher level of dispositional hope and GSE than non-religious participants. A lower level of attachment-related anxiety and religiosity was associated with a higher level of GSE and hope. Females showed a higher level of makeup agency than men, whereas the men reported a higher level of FOL than the women.
This study concluded that both attachment-related anxiety and religiosity were predictors of hope and GSE. Gender differences played a significant role in FOL and make-up agency. Moreover, it was found that attachment-related anxiety and avoidance have different functions in GSE and FTO.
与依恋相关的焦虑和回避对自尊、乐观主义和希望有重大影响。此外，先前的研究表明，宗教信仰也可能是促进希望和情绪调节的一个重要因素。
本研究的首要目的是探讨与依恋相关的焦虑、与依恋相关的回避、特质希望、一般自我效能感（GSE）、作为未来时间机会（FTO）的未来时间观（FTP）以及对局限性的关注（FOL）之间的关系。第二个目的是检测宗教信仰对希望、GSE和FTP的影响。
该研究涉及153名年龄在18至66岁之间的土耳其参与者（女性n = 81，占52.9%），他们通过谷歌调查问卷填写了特质希望量表、亲密关系经验修订版（ECR-R）、FTP和GSE量表。进行了皮尔逊相关检验、多元线性回归分析和独立样本t检验。
与依恋相关的焦虑与特质希望和GSE呈负相关，而与FOL呈正相关。与依恋相关的回避与特质希望和FTO呈负相关，而与FOL呈正相关。FTO与GSE和特质希望呈正相关。有宗教信仰的参与者比无宗教信仰的参与者具有更高水平的特质希望和GSE。较低水平的与依恋相关的焦虑和宗教信仰与较高水平的GSE和希望相关。女性表现出比男性更高水平的化妆能动性，而男性报告的FOL水平高于女性。
本研究得出结论，与依恋相关的焦虑和宗教信仰都是希望和GSE的预测因素。性别差异在FOL和化妆能动性方面发挥了重要作用。此外，还发现与依恋相关的焦虑和回避在GSE和FTO中具有不同的作用。
