黎巴嫩香料、草药和坚果中黄曲霉毒素 B 和赭曲霉毒素 A 共存的公共卫生风险。

Public health risk associated with the co-occurrence of aflatoxin B and ochratoxin A in spices, herbs, and nuts in Lebanon.

机构信息

Centre d'Analyses et de Recherche (CAR), Unité de Recherche Technologies et Valorisation Agro-Alimentaire (UR-TVA), Faculty of Sciences, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Campus of Sciences and Technologies, Mar Roukos, Lebanon.

Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.

出版信息

Front Public Health. 2023 Jan 9;10:1072727. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1072727. eCollection 2022.

DOI:10.3389/fpubh.2022.1072727

PMID:36699892

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9868821/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Aflatoxin B and ochratoxin A are mycotoxins produced by filamentous fungi that attack crops on field and storage. Both mycotoxins present a risk on public health since aflatoxin B is a hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic agent while ochratoxin A can be nephrotoxic. Those mycotoxins can be found in several food items including spices, herbs, and nuts.

OBJECTIVES

In Lebanon, few studies address aflatoxin B and ochratoxin A contamination in spices, herbs, and nuts. So, the aim of this study is to investigate the concentrations of those two mycotoxins particularly in spices and herbs and the concentration of aflatoxin B in nuts, and to determine the dietary exposure of the Lebanese population and their possible attribution to liver cancer and renal damage.

METHODS

In this work, a total of 198 samples of spices, herbs, and nuts were collected from different sites. Aflatoxin B and ochratoxin A were quantified using immune-affinity columns. A food frequency questionnaire was used to quantify the consumption of spices, herbs, and nuts in Lebanon. Exposure to aflatoxin B and ochratoxin A was calculated accordingly and liver and kidney cancer risks were evaluated.

RESULTS

Aflatoxin B was respectively found in 100, 20.4, and 98.6% of the spices, herbs, and nuts samples, while ochratoxin A was found in 100 and 44.4% of spices and herbs, respectively. Aflatoxin B was found at mean concentration of 0.97, 0.27, and 0.40 μg/kg in spices, herbs, and nuts, respectively while ochratoxin A was found at mean concentrations of 38.8 and 1.81 μg/kg in spices and herbs, respectively. Aflatoxin B occurrence was shown to be associated in this study with 0.017 additional cancer cases per 100,000 persons per year, and ochratoxin A weekly exposure was shown to be 5.04 ng/kg bw less than the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake of 100 ng/kg bw which indicates low risk of renal damage from spices and herbs consumption.

CONCLUSION

The consumption of spices, herbs, and nuts in Lebanon could lead to an increase in health risks associated with aflatoxin B and ochratoxin A, specifically spices. The reported occurrence may be directly related to poor storage conditions.

摘要

背景

黄曲霉毒素 B 和赭曲霉毒素 A 是攻击田间和储存作物的丝状真菌产生的真菌毒素。这两种真菌毒素都对公众健康构成威胁，因为黄曲霉毒素 B 是一种肝毒性和致癌物质，而赭曲霉毒素 A 可能具有肾毒性。这些真菌毒素可以在几种食品中找到，包括香料、草药和坚果。

目的

在黎巴嫩，很少有研究涉及香料、草药和坚果中的黄曲霉毒素 B 和赭曲霉毒素 A 污染。因此，本研究的目的是调查这两种真菌毒素，特别是在香料和草药中的浓度，以及坚果中黄曲霉毒素 B 的浓度，并确定黎巴嫩人口的饮食暴露情况及其对肝癌和肾损伤的可能归因。

方法

在这项工作中，共采集了来自不同地点的 198 份香料、草药和坚果样本。使用免疫亲和柱定量黄曲霉毒素 B 和赭曲霉毒素 A。使用食物频率问卷来量化黎巴嫩人对香料、草药和坚果的消费。相应地计算了对黄曲霉毒素 B 和赭曲霉毒素 A 的暴露情况，并评估了肝癌和肾癌的风险。

结果

在香料、草药和坚果样本中，黄曲霉毒素 B 分别发现于 100%、20.4%和 98.6%的样本中，而赭曲霉毒素 A 分别发现于 100%和 44.4%的香料和草药中。黄曲霉毒素 B 的平均浓度分别为 0.97、0.27 和 0.40μg/kg 在香料、草药和坚果中，而赭曲霉毒素 A 的平均浓度分别为 38.8 和 1.81μg/kg 在香料和草药中。本研究表明，黄曲霉毒素 B 的存在与每年每 10 万人增加 0.017 例癌症病例有关，每周摄入赭曲霉毒素 A 暴露量比暂定每周耐受摄入量 100ng/kg bw 少 5.04ng/kg bw，表明食用香料和草药不会对肾脏造成损害。