扰乱生物膜群落的空间组织会影响金黄色葡萄球菌中 - 调节毒力因子的表达。

Disturbing the Spatial Organization of Biofilm Communities Affects Expression of -Regulated Virulence Factors in Staphylococcus aureus.

机构信息

Department of Biological Sciences, Halmos College of Arts and Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA.

Department of Chemistry and Physical Sciences, Halmos College of Arts and Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA.

出版信息

Appl Environ Microbiol. 2023 Feb 28;89(2):e0193222. doi: 10.1128/aem.01932-22. Epub 2023 Jan 26.

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus uses quorum sensing and nutrient availability to control the expression of -regulated virulence factors. Quorum sensing is mediated by autoinducing peptide (AIP), which at a high concentration reduces expression of surface attachment proteins (, ) and increases expression of exotoxins () and proteases (). Nutrient availability can be sensed through the / system. Low nutrients increase expression of , which augments expression of and , distinct from the activity of AIP. The formation of spatial structure, such as biofilms, can alter quorum sensing and nutrient acquisition. In natural environments, biofilms encounter forces that may alter their spatial structure. These forces may impact quorum sensing and/or nutrient acquisition and thus affect the expression of -regulated virulence factors. However, this has not been studied. We show that periodically disturbing biofilms composed of S. aureus using a physical force affected the expression of -regulated virulence factors. In nutrient-poor environments, disturbance increased the expression of , , , and Disturbance in a nutrient-rich environment at low or high disturbance amplitudes moderately reduced expression of and but increased expression of and . Interestingly, at an intermediate amplitude, the overall expression of -regulated virulence factors was the lowest; expression of and remained unchanged relative to an undisturbed biofilm, while expression of and significantly decreased. We hypothesize that these changes are a result of disturbance-driven changes in access to AIP and nutrients. Our results may allow the identification of environments where virulence is enhanced, or reduced, owing to a disturbance. Bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, integrate signals from the environment to regulate genes encoding virulence factors. These signals include those produced by quorum-sensing systems and nutrient availability. We show that disturbing the spatial organization of S. aureus populations can lead to changes in the expression of virulence factors, likely by altering the ways in which S. aureus detects these signals. Our work may allow us to identify environments that increase or reduce the expression of virulence factors in S. aureus.

摘要

金黄色葡萄球菌利用群体感应和营养可用性来控制 - 调节毒力因子的表达。群体感应由自诱导肽(AIP)介导,AIP 在高浓度下降低表面附着蛋白(,)的表达,并增加外毒素()和蛋白酶()的表达。营养可用性可以通过 / 系统来感知。低营养会增加 的表达,从而增强 和 的表达,与 AIP 的活性不同。空间结构的形成,如生物膜,可以改变群体感应和营养获取。在自然环境中,生物膜会遇到可能改变其空间结构的力。这些力可能会影响群体感应和/或营养获取,从而影响 - 调节毒力因子的表达。然而,这尚未得到研究。我们表明,使用物理力周期性地干扰由金黄色葡萄球菌组成的生物膜会影响 - 调节毒力因子的表达。在营养贫乏的环境中,干扰会增加 的表达、、、和 。在低或高干扰幅度的营养丰富的环境中,干扰会适度降低 和 的表达,但会增加 和 的表达。有趣的是,在中等幅度下,- 调节毒力因子的总体表达最低;与未受干扰的生物膜相比, 和 的表达保持不变,而 和 的表达显著降低。我们假设这些变化是由于干扰导致 AIP 和营养物质获取方式的变化所致。我们的研究结果可能有助于确定由于干扰而导致毒力增强或减弱的环境。

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