Gurbuz Gokhan, Bayik Gulcin Demirel
Department of Geomatics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, 67100, Zonguldak, Turkey.
Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, 67100, Zonguldak, Turkey.
Environ Monit Assess. 2023 Jan 26;195(2):332. doi: 10.1007/s10661-023-10956-w.
The transport of dust from the Middle East and African deserts affects European and Asian countries at certain times of the year, especially in spring. Turkey is one of these countries, and many dust storm events have occurred in the first half of 2022, which have affected especially the southeastern part of Anatolia. Apart from threatening human health, dust and sand particles, which are described as particulate matter, may possibly affect Global Positioning System (GPS) signals. The purpose of this research is to look into the effects of particulate matter less than 10 μm (PM10) on GPS-estimated precipitable water vapor (PWV). Hourly PM10 and PWV data between April 1, 2022, and June 10, 2022, were utilized. Four different extreme dust concentration events and a benchmark period were investigated separately. Hourly data results showed that correlation coefficients vary according to events, wind directions, and the distance between GPS stations and air quality monitoring stations. Also, other meteorological parameters that affect PWV, such as temperature, relative humidity, and pressure, were investigated and found to have no anomalies that could affect PWV. Hourly and daily correlation coefficients in the benchmark period were significantly lower compared to dusty days, which indicates that there is no real correlation between PM10 and PWV concentrations in clear air conditions. Only with the increase of PM10 to extreme levels does the relationship show itself. Therefore, this study suggests that for all GPS applications, such as positioning or PWV estimation, PM10 concentrations should be considered.
中东和非洲沙漠的沙尘输送在一年中的某些时候会影响欧洲和亚洲国家，尤其是在春季。土耳其就是其中之一，2022年上半年发生了多次沙尘暴事件，尤其影响了安纳托利亚的东南部。除了威胁人类健康外，被称为颗粒物的沙尘颗粒可能会影响全球定位系统（GPS）信号。本研究的目的是探究小于10微米的颗粒物（PM10）对GPS估算的可降水量水汽（PWV）的影响。利用了2022年4月1日至2022年6月10日期间的每小时PM10和PWV数据。分别对四个不同的极端沙尘浓度事件和一个基准期进行了调查。每小时数据结果表明，相关系数会因事件、风向以及GPS站与空气质量监测站之间的距离而有所不同。此外，还对影响PWV的其他气象参数，如温度、相对湿度和气压进行了调查，发现没有可能影响PWV的异常情况。与沙尘日相比，基准期的每小时和每日相关系数明显较低，这表明在晴朗空气条件下PM10与PWV浓度之间没有实际关联。只有当PM10增加到极端水平时，这种关系才会显现出来。因此，本研究建议，对于所有GPS应用，如定位或PWV估算，都应考虑PM10浓度。
