1Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
2Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2023 Jan 25;261(4):490-499. doi: 10.2460/javma.22.11.0518. Print 2023 Apr 1.
To utilize the geometry of superficial anatomic landmarks to guide incisional location and orientation for peripheral lymphadenectomy, document deep anatomic landmarks for lymphocentrum identification, and develop novel surgical approaches to the superficial cervical, axillary, and superficial inguinal lymphocentrums in dogs.
12 canine cadavers.
2 cadavers were used for a pilot investigation to determine optimal body positioning, select superficial anatomic landmarks for lymphocentrum identification, and evaluate novel surgical approaches to the 3 lymphocentrums. These lymphocentrums were then dissected in 10 additional cadavers using these novel surgical approaches. Measurements of the distances from lymphocentrum to landmark and between landmarks were obtained for each lymphocentrum. Deep anatomic landmarks were recorded for each dissection. The mean and SD were calculated for each measurement and used to develop geometric guidelines for estimating the location of each lymphocentrum for these surgical approaches.
Each peripheral lymphocentrum was found in the same location relative to the respective, predetermined, superficial, anatomic boundaries in all cadavers. Briefly, the superficial landmarks to each lymphocentrum were as follows: (1) superficial cervical: wing of atlas, acromion process of scapula, greater tubercle of humerus; (2) axillary: caudal border of transverse head of superficial pectoral muscle, caudal triceps muscle, ventral midline; and (3) superficial inguinal: origin of pectineus muscle, ipsilateral inguinal mammary gland, ventral midline. The proposed superficial and deep surgical landmarks were identified within every cadaver. The previously undescribed surgical approaches were effective for lymphocentrum identification.
Anatomic landmarks provided in this study may help reduce surgical time and tissue trauma during peripheral lymphadenectomy in dogs. This study was also the first to describe a surgical approach to the superficial inguinal lymphocentrum and ventral approaches to the superficial cervical and axillary lymphocentrums and provided previously unpublished anatomic landmarks for a lateral approach to the superficial cervical lymphocentrum.
利用体表解剖标志的几何形状来指导外周淋巴结切除术的切口位置和方向，记录深部解剖标志以识别淋巴结中心，并为犬的浅表颈、腋窝和浅表腹股沟淋巴结开发新的手术入路。
12 只犬尸体。
2 只犬尸体用于初步研究，以确定最佳体位、选择用于识别淋巴结中心的体表解剖标志，并评估 3 个淋巴结中心的新手术入路。然后，使用这些新的手术入路在另外 10 只犬尸体上解剖这些淋巴结中心。为每个淋巴结中心测量从淋巴结中心到标志和标志之间的距离。记录每次解剖的深部解剖标志。计算每个测量的平均值和标准差，并用于为这些手术入路估计每个淋巴结中心位置制定几何指南。
在所有尸体中，每个外周淋巴结中心都相对于相应的、预定的、体表解剖边界位于相同位置。简要地说，每个淋巴结中心的体表标志如下：（1）浅表颈：寰椎翼、肩胛骨肩峰、肱骨小结节；（2）腋窝：浅表胸肌横头的尾缘、三头肌尾侧部、腹中线；（3）浅表腹股沟：耻骨肌起点、同侧腹股沟乳腺、腹中线。在每个尸体中都确定了提出的浅表和深部手术标志。以前未描述的手术入路对于识别淋巴结中心是有效的。
本研究中提供的解剖标志可能有助于减少犬外周淋巴结切除术的手术时间和组织创伤。本研究还首次描述了浅表腹股沟淋巴结中心的手术入路以及浅表颈和腋窝淋巴结中心的腹侧入路，并为浅表颈淋巴结中心的外侧入路提供了以前未发表的解剖标志。
