Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
Department of Movement Sciences, Exercise Physiology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2023 Mar 1;134(3):569-580. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00645.2022. Epub 2023 Jan 26.
Exercise modulates the circulating levels of the endocannabinoids ligands N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and possibly the levels of their receptors and downstream signaling in skeletal muscle. The aim of the present study was to investigate the regulation of the endocannabinoid system by several exercise paradigms in human skeletal muscle. A second aim was to compare endocannabinoid regulation in healthy and prediabetic people in response to an acute endurance exercise. Blood and muscle samples were taken before and after resistance and endurance exercise in normoxia and hypoxia to measure plasma endocannabinoid levels as well as muscle protein expression of CB1, CB2, and downstream signaling. We found that: ) an acute resistance exercise session decreased plasma 2-AG and N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA) levels in normoxia; ) 4 wk resistance training decreased plasma AEA, PEA, and N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA) levels in both normoxia and hypoxia; ) an acute moderate-intensity endurance exercise increased plasma OEA levels in the healthy and prediabetic groups in normoxia and hypoxia, whereas plasma 2-AG levels increased in the healthy group and AEA in the prediabetic group only in normoxia. The expression of the cannabinoid receptors was only marginally regulated by acute exercise, hypoxia, and prediabetes and downstream signaling did not follow the changes detected in the endocannabinoid ligands. Altogether, our results suggest that resistance and endurance exercise regulate the levels of the endocannabinoid ligands and CB1 expression in opposite ways. The physiological impact of the changes observed in the endocannabinoid ligands in human skeletal muscle after exercise needs further investigation. We are the first to analyze both endocannabinoids ligands and receptors in response to endurance and resistance exercise. In addition, no study before has compared both exercise paradigms regarding endocannabinoid tone, which is of interest as endocannabinoids regulate energy metabolism, and these are different between endurance and resistance exercise. Furthermore, we investigated whether the endocannabinoid tone was differently regulated in response to acute endurance exercise in prediabetic people. Linking exercise, endocannabinoids and (pre)diabetic people has never been done before.
运动调节内源性大麻素配体 N-花生四烯酸乙醇胺（AEA）和 2-花生四烯酸甘油（2-AG）在骨骼肌中的循环水平，并可能调节其受体和下游信号转导。本研究的目的是研究几种运动范式对人体骨骼肌内源性大麻素系统的调节作用。第二个目的是比较健康人和糖尿病前期患者在急性耐力运动后的内源性大麻素调节。在常氧和低氧条件下，分别在抗阻运动和耐力运动前后采集血液和肌肉样本，以测量血浆内源性大麻素水平以及肌肉 CB1、CB2 蛋白表达和下游信号转导。我们发现：）急性抗阻运动可降低常氧下血浆 2-AG 和 N-棕榈酰乙醇胺（PEA）水平；）4 周抗阻训练可降低常氧和低氧下血浆 AEA、PEA 和 N-油酰乙醇胺（OEA）水平；）急性中等强度耐力运动可增加健康人和糖尿病前期人群常氧和低氧下血浆 OEA 水平，而健康人群血浆 2-AG 水平升高，糖尿病前期人群仅在常氧下血浆 AEA 水平升高。急性运动、低氧和糖尿病前期对内源性大麻素受体的表达仅有轻微调节，下游信号转导也没有随内源性大麻素配体的变化而变化。总之，我们的研究结果表明，抗阻和耐力运动以相反的方式调节内源性大麻素配体和 CB1 的表达。运动后骨骼肌中内源性大麻素配体的变化对生理的影响需要进一步研究。我们首次分析了耐力运动和抗阻运动对两种内源性大麻素配体和受体的影响。此外，以前没有研究比较过两种运动模式的内源性大麻素张力，这很有趣，因为内源性大麻素调节能量代谢，而这在耐力运动和抗阻运动之间是不同的。此外，我们还研究了糖尿病前期患者在急性耐力运动后内源性大麻素张力是否存在差异调节。将运动、内源性大麻素和（前）糖尿病患者联系起来以前从未做过。
