Zhao Pengfei, Li Shaobin, He Zhaohua, Ma Xiong
Faculty of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Gansu Minzu Normal University, Hezuo 747000, China.
Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
Animals (Basel). 2024 Oct 19;14(20):3031. doi: 10.3390/ani14203031.
Adaptation is one of the fundamental characteristics of life activities; humans and animals inhabiting high altitudes are well adapted to hypobaric hypoxic environments, and studies on the mechanisms of this adaptation emerged a hundred years ago. Based on these studies, this paper reviews the adaptive changes in hypoxia-sensitive tissues and organs, as well as at the molecular genetic level, such as pulmonary, cardiovascular, O-consuming tissues, and the hemoglobin and HIF pathway, that occur in animals in response to the challenge of hypobaric hypoxia. High-altitude hypoxia adaptation may be due to the coordinated action of genetic variants in multiple genes and, as a result, adaptive changes in multiple tissues and organs at the physiological and biochemical levels. Unraveling their mechanisms of action can provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of multiple diseases caused by chronic hypoxia.
适应是生命活动的基本特征之一；生活在高海拔地区的人类和动物能很好地适应低压低氧环境，对这种适应机制的研究早在百年前就已出现。基于这些研究，本文综述了动物在应对低压低氧挑战时，在缺氧敏感组织器官以及分子遗传水平上发生的适应性变化，如肺部、心血管系统、耗氧组织以及血红蛋白和低氧诱导因子（HIF）通路等方面的变化。高原低氧适应可能是多个基因的遗传变异协同作用的结果，进而导致多个组织器官在生理生化水平上发生适应性改变。阐明其作用机制可为慢性缺氧所致多种疾病的防治提供参考。
