Steenkamp Lisa R, Parrish Emma M, Chalker Samantha A, Badal Varsha D, Pinkham Amy E, Harvey Philip D, Depp Colin A
Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States; San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, United States.
Schizophr Res. 2023 Feb;252:279-286. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.12.039. Epub 2023 Jan 24.
Childhood trauma is associated with a variety of negative outcomes in psychosis, but it is unclear clear if childhood trauma affects day-to-day social experiences. We aimed to examine the association between childhood trauma and functional and structural characteristics of real-world social relationships in psychosis.
Participants with psychotic disorders or affective disorders with psychosis completed ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) over ten days (N = 209). Childhood trauma was assessed retrospectively using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Associations between childhood trauma and EMA-assessed social behavior and perceptions were examined using linear mixed models. Analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and psychotic and depressive symptom severity.
Higher levels of childhood trauma were associated with more perceived threat (B = -0.19, 95 % CI [-0.33, -0.04]) and negative self-perception (B = -0.18, 95 % CI [-0.34, -0.01]) during recent social interactions, as well as reduced social motivation (B = -0.29, 95 % CI [-0.47, -0.10]), higher desire for social avoidance (B = 0.34, 95 % CI [0.14, 0.55]), and lower sense of belongingness (B = -0.24, 95 % CI [-0.42, -0.06]). These negative social perceptions were mainly linked with emotional abuse and emotional neglect. In addition, paranoia was more strongly associated with negative social perceptions in individuals with high versus low levels of trauma. Childhood trauma was not associated with frequency (i.e., time spent alone) or type of social interactions.
Childhood trauma - particularly emotional abuse and neglect - is associated with negative social perceptions but not frequency of real-world social interactions. Our findings suggest that childhood trauma may affect day-to-day social experiences beyond its association with psychosis.
童年创伤与精神病的多种负面结果相关，但尚不清楚童年创伤是否会影响日常社交体验。我们旨在研究童年创伤与精神病患者现实世界社交关系的功能和结构特征之间的关联。
患有精神障碍或伴有精神病性症状的情感障碍患者在十天内完成了生态瞬时评估（EMA，N = 209）。使用儿童创伤问卷对童年创伤进行回顾性评估。使用线性混合模型检验童年创伤与EMA评估的社会行为和认知之间的关联。分析对社会人口统计学特征以及精神病性和抑郁症状严重程度进行了调整。
童年创伤水平较高与近期社交互动中更多的感知威胁（B = -0.19，95%可信区间[-0.33, -0.04]）、负面自我认知（B = -0.18，95%可信区间[-0.34, -0.01]）相关，同时社交动机降低（B = -0.29，95%可信区间[-0.47, -0.10]）、社交回避欲望增强（B = 0.34，95%可信区间[0.14, 0.55]）以及归属感降低（B = -0.24，95%可信区间[-0.42, -0.06]）。这些负面社会认知主要与情感虐待和情感忽视有关。此外，在高创伤水平与低创伤水平的个体中，偏执与负面社会认知的关联更强。童年创伤与社交互动的频率（即独处时间）或类型无关。
童年创伤——尤其是情感虐待和忽视——与负面社会认知相关，但与现实世界社交互动的频率无关。我们的研究结果表明，童年创伤可能会影响日常社交体验，而不仅仅是与精神病相关。
