Key Laboratory of Non-Invasive Research Technology for Endangered Species, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China.
Key Laboratory of Non-Invasive Research Technology for Endangered Species, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
Vet Parasitol. 2023 Mar;315:109870. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.109870. Epub 2023 Jan 6.
The genus Gasterophilus (Diptera, Gastrophilidae) is an obligate parasite of the equine family that causes widespread myiasis in desert steppe. Based on four common naturally excreted Gasterophilus larvae collected systematically in the Karamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve from March to September 2021, this paper studies the population dynamics and ontogenetic laws of horse flies, and discuss the coexistence pattern and population dynamics prediction of horse flies. The results showed that the Gasterophilus larvae had obvious concentrated development period, and the time of population peaks was different, the earliest was G. nigricornis (late March), followed by G. pecorum-Ⅰ (mid-April), G. nasalis (late April), G. intestinalis (early May), G. pecorum-Ⅱ (mid-August). The order of development threshold temperature "C < C ≤ C < C < C" is consistent with the peak order of different larval populations. The life history survival rate (L) was as follows: L (83.97%) ≥ L (81.25%) > L (72.42%) ≥ L (71.65%) > L (39.23%). This study combined indoor experiments and field surveys revealed the development of horse fly populations with different life strategies in desert grasslands. Based on the different development threshold temperatures of several horse flies, the staggered population dynamics of Gasterophilus form continuous infection stress on the host. In addition, G. pecorum exhibited a univoltine bimodal population distribution in this area and led to two high-intensity host infections, which is one of the important reasons why it has become the dominant species of myiasis in desert steppe.
胃蝇属（双翅目，胃蝇科）是一种专性寄生在马科动物的寄生虫，在荒漠草原引起广泛的蝇蛆病。本研究基于 2021 年 3 月至 9 月在卡拉麦里有蹄类自然保护区系统采集的 4 种常见的自然排泄的胃蝇幼虫，研究了虻科幼虫的种群动态和个体发育规律，并探讨了虻科的共存模式和种群动态预测。结果表明，胃蝇幼虫的发育有明显的集中发育期，种群高峰期的时间不同，最早的是黑胃蝇（3 月下旬），其次是羊狂蝇-Ⅰ（4 月中旬）、鼻胃蝇（4 月下旬）、普通胃蝇（5 月初）、羊狂蝇-Ⅱ（8 月中旬）。发育临界温度“C < C ≤ C < C < C”的顺序与不同幼虫种群的高峰期顺序一致。生活史存活率（L）为：L（83.97%）≥L（81.25%）>L（72.42%）≥L（71.65%）>L（39.23%）。本研究结合室内实验和野外调查，揭示了荒漠草原中不同生活策略的虻科种群的发育情况。基于几种虻科的不同发育临界温度，胃蝇属形成了连续的感染压力，使虻科种群呈交错动态。此外，该地区的羊狂蝇表现出一化性双峰型种群分布，导致两次高强度的宿主感染，这是其成为荒漠草原蝇蛆病主要种的重要原因之一。
