Meenakshi Sachdev, Misra Anoop
Tamil Nadu Government Multi Super Specialty Hospital, Chennai, India.
Diabetes Foundation (India), Safdarjung Development Area, New Delhi, 110016, India; National Diabetes Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), Safdarjung Development Area, New Delhi, 110016, India; Fortis C-DOC Center of Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases, and Endocrinology, B-16, Chirag Enclave, New Delhi, India.
Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2023 Feb;17(2):102705. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102705. Epub 2023 Jan 9.
There is a common belief that individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) must avoid consumption of dates. This article aims to review and discuss the available studies on dates on different variables, specifically blood glucose.
A survey of studies related to the influence of consumption of dates on blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, lipid profile, and body weight was conducted between January 2009 and Nov 2022, using various data bases (PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar and Scopus).
The glycemic index (GI) of date varieties ranges from 42.8 to 74.6, and glycemic load (GL) 8.5-24. The glycemic indices of various stages of dates are; Rutab (semi-ripe), 47.2; Tamer (fully ripe, traditionally sun-dried), 45.3, and Tamer (commercial), 35.5. Glucose tolerance-based studies and cross-sectional studies show no significant changes in glycemic indices or association with glycemic worsening with intake of dates. Few randomized controlled trials (RCT) also showed no change in glycemia and weight in the intervention groups consuming dates. Some data (including one RCT) show that the consumption of dates improve total cholesterol and LDL-C.
Available studies show that consumption of dates may not lead to impairment of glycemia in patients with T2DM, however, studies have several limitations like small sample size and short duration. More RCTs pertaining to the GI of different date varieties in different amounts are needed.
人们普遍认为2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者必须避免食用枣。本文旨在回顾和讨论关于枣对不同变量，特别是血糖影响的现有研究。
于2009年1月至2022年11月期间，使用各种数据库（PubMed、Medline、谷歌学术和Scopus），对有关食用枣对血糖、糖化血红蛋白、血脂谱和体重影响的研究进行了调查。
枣品种的血糖指数（GI）范围为42.8至74.6，血糖负荷（GL）为8.5 - 24。枣不同阶段的血糖指数分别为：半熟期（Rutab），47.2；完全成熟（传统日晒）的塔米尔枣（Tamer），45.3，以及商业化的塔米尔枣，35.5。基于葡萄糖耐量的研究和横断面研究表明，食用枣后血糖指数无显著变化，或与血糖恶化无关联。少数随机对照试验（RCT）也表明，食用枣的干预组血糖和体重无变化。一些数据（包括一项RCT）表明，食用枣可改善总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL - C）。
现有研究表明，食用枣可能不会导致T2DM患者血糖受损，然而，这些研究存在一些局限性，如样本量小和持续时间短。需要更多关于不同数量的不同枣品种血糖指数的随机对照试验。
