Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom.
Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
J Biol Chem. 2023 Mar;299(3):102936. doi: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102936. Epub 2023 Jan 24.
Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are frequently associated with medical device infections that involve establishment of a bacterial biofilm on the device surface. Staphylococcal surface proteins Aap, SasG, and Pls are members of the Periscope Protein class and have been implicated in biofilm formation and host colonization; they comprise a repetitive region ("B region") and an N-terminal host colonization domain within the "A region," predicted to be a lectin domain. Repetitive E-G5 domains (as found in Aap, SasG, and Pls) form elongated "stalks" that would vary in length with repeat number, resulting in projection of the N-terminal A domain variable distances from the bacterial cell surface. Here, we present the structures of the lectin domains within A regions of SasG, Aap, and Pls and a structure of the Aap lectin domain attached to contiguous E-G5 repeats, suggesting the lectin domains will sit at the tip of the variable length rod. We demonstrate that these isolated domains (Aap, SasG) are sufficient to bind to human host desquamated nasal epithelial cells. Previously, proteolytic cleavage or a deletion within the A domain had been reported to induce biofilm formation; the structures suggest a potential link between these observations. Intriguingly, while the Aap, SasG, and Pls lectin domains bind a metal ion, they lack the nonproline cis peptide bond thought to be key for carbohydrate binding by the lectin fold. This suggestion of noncanonical ligand binding should be a key consideration when investigating the host cell interactions of these bacterial surface proteins.
金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌常与涉及在器械表面形成细菌生物膜的医疗器械相关感染有关。葡萄球菌表面蛋白 Aap、SasG 和 Pls 是 Periscope 蛋白家族的成员,与生物膜形成和宿主定植有关;它们包含一个重复区(“B 区”)和“ A 区”内的 N 端宿主定植结构域,预测为凝集素结构域。重复的 E-G5 结构域(如 Aap、SasG 和 Pls 中发现的)形成细长的“茎”,其长度随重复次数而变化,从而导致 N 端 A 结构域从细菌表面的可变距离突出。在这里,我们展示了 SasG、Aap 和 Pls 的 A 区中凝集素结构域以及 Aap 凝集素结构域与连续 E-G5 重复结构的结构,表明凝集素结构域将位于可变长度杆的末端。我们证明这些分离的结构域(Aap、SasG)足以与人宿主脱落的鼻上皮细胞结合。此前,已经报道了 A 结构域内的蛋白水解切割或缺失会诱导生物膜形成;这些结构表明了这些观察结果之间的潜在联系。有趣的是,虽然 Aap、SasG 和 Pls 的凝集素结构域结合金属离子,但它们缺乏被认为是凝集素折叠结合碳水化合物关键的非脯氨酸顺式肽键。当研究这些细菌表面蛋白与宿主细胞的相互作用时,这种非典型配体结合的建议应该是一个关键的考虑因素。
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