Speziale Pietro, Foster Timothy J, Arciola Carla Renata
Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Department of Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2025 Mar 13;38(1):e0009824. doi: 10.1128/cmr.00098-24. Epub 2025 Jan 14.
SUMMARY is a major human pathogen. It can cause many types of infections, in particular bacteremia, which frequently leads to infective endocarditis, osteomyelitis, sepsis, and other debilitating diseases. The development of secondary infections is based on the bacterium's ability to associate with endothelial cells lining blood vessels. The success of endothelial colonization and infection by relies on its ability to express a wide array of cell wall-anchored and secreted virulence factors. Establishment of endothelial infection by the pathogen is a multistep process involving adhesion, invasion, extravasation, and dissemination of the bacterium into surrounding tissues. The process is dependent on the type of endothelium in different organs (tissues) and pathogenetic potential of the individual strains. In this review, we report an update on the organization of the endothelium in the vessels, the structure and function of the virulence factors of S. , and the several aspects of bacteria-endothelial cell interactions. After these sections, we will discuss recent advances in understanding the specific mechanisms of infections that develop in the heart, bone and joints, lung, and brain. Finally, we describe how neutrophils bind to endothelial cells, migrate to the site of infection to kill bacteria in the tissues, and how staphylococci counteract neutrophils' actions. Knowledge of the molecular details of -endothelial cell interactions will promote the development of new therapeutic strategies and tools to combat this formidable pathogen.
[病原体名称未明确，疑似拼写有误，暂按原文处理]是一种主要的人类病原体。它可引发多种类型的感染，尤其是菌血症，菌血症常常导致感染性心内膜炎、骨髓炎、败血症及其他使人衰弱的疾病。继发性感染的发生基于该细菌与血管内皮细胞结合的能力。[病原体名称未明确，疑似拼写有误，暂按原文处理]对内皮细胞的定植和感染成功与否取决于其表达多种细胞壁锚定和分泌型毒力因子的能力。病原体对内皮细胞的感染建立是一个多步骤过程，涉及细菌的黏附、侵袭、外渗以及向周围组织的扩散。这个过程取决于不同器官（组织）中的内皮类型以及各个菌株的致病潜力。在本综述中，我们报告了血管内皮组织、[病原体名称未明确，疑似拼写有误，暂按原文处理]毒力因子的结构和功能以及细菌 - 内皮细胞相互作用的几个方面的最新情况。在这些章节之后，我们将讨论在理解心脏、骨骼和关节、肺以及大脑中发生的感染的具体机制方面的最新进展。最后，我们描述中性粒细胞如何与内皮细胞结合、迁移到感染部位以杀死组织中的细菌，以及葡萄球菌如何对抗中性粒细胞的作用。了解[病原体名称未明确，疑似拼写有误，暂按原文处理]与内皮细胞相互作用的分子细节将促进开发对抗这种强大病原体的新治疗策略和工具。
