Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai 202162, China.
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Apr 15;869:161792. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161792. Epub 2023 Jan 24.
Ninety-six fine particulate matter (PM) samples covering four seasons from October 2020 to August 2021 were collected at a 'super' site in Hangzhou, a megacity in eastern China. These samples were analyzed to determine the sources and potential cancer risks to humans of 16 United States Environmental Protection Agency priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The average concentrations of the PAHs in PM in autumn, winter, spring, and summer were 8.35 ± 4.90, 27.9 ± 13.6, 8.3 ± 5.97, and 1.05 ± 0.50 ng/m, respectively, and with an annual average of 11.9 ± 13.2 ng/m3. The source apportionment by positive matrix factorization analysis indicated that, based on the yearly average, the major sources of PAHs were traffic emissions (38.2 %), coal combustion (28.9 %), coke (21.7 %), and volatilization (11.1 %). Strong correlations between high concentrations of carbonaceous aerosols and high-molecular-weight PAHs in winter could be attributed to incomplete combustion. Long-range transport of air from the sea to the southeast resulted in low concentrations of carbonaceous aerosols and low-molecular-weight PAHs in summer. Trajectory clustering and the potential source contribution function both indicated that the Yangtze River Delta was the main source region of PAHs for PM in Hangzhou in spring and summer. In autumn and winter, it was dominated by long-range transport from northern China. Lifetime lung cancer risk assessment revealed that the PAHs in PM impose moderate human health risks in Hangzhou due to traffic emissions. The results of this study provide important information for policymakers to establish abatement strategies to reduce PAH emissions in Hangzhou, and perhaps other urban centers across China.
从 2020 年 10 月到 2021 年 8 月，在中国东部的一个特大城市杭州的一个“超级”站点收集了 96 个细颗粒物（PM）样本，涵盖了四季。对这些样本进行了分析，以确定 16 种美国环境保护署优先多环芳烃（PAHs）对人类的来源和潜在致癌风险。秋季、冬季、春季和夏季 PM 中 PAHs 的平均浓度分别为 8.35 ± 4.90、27.9 ± 13.6、8.3 ± 5.97 和 1.05 ± 0.50 ng/m3，年平均浓度为 11.9 ± 13.2 ng/m3。正矩阵因子分析的源分配表明，基于年平均值，PAHs 的主要来源是交通排放（38.2%）、煤炭燃烧（28.9%）、焦炭（21.7%）和挥发（11.1%）。冬季高浓度碳质气溶胶与高分子量 PAHs 之间的强相关性可能归因于不完全燃烧。来自海洋的空气长距离输送导致夏季碳质气溶胶和低分子量 PAHs 浓度较低。轨迹聚类和潜在源贡献函数都表明，长江三角洲是杭州春夏季 PM 中 PAHs 的主要来源区。在秋季和冬季，它主要是由来自中国北方的长距离传输控制的。终身肺癌风险评估显示，由于交通排放，PM 中的 PAHs 对杭州的人体健康构成中等风险。本研究的结果为政策制定者提供了重要信息，以制定减少杭州乃至中国其他城市中心 PAH 排放的减排策略。
