Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Apr 20;922:171325. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171325. Epub 2024 Feb 28.
Despite the well-established recognition of the health hazards posed by PM-bound PAHs, a comprehensive understanding of their source-specific impact has been lacking. In this study, the health risks associated with PM-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and source-specific contributions were investigated in the urban region of Taipei during both cold and warm seasons. The levels of PM-bound PAHs and their potential health risks across different age groups of humans were also characterized. Diagnostic ratios and positive matrix factorization analysis were utilized to identify the sources of PM-bound PAHs. Moreover, potential source contribution function (PSCF), concentration-weighted trajectory (CWT) and source regional apportionment (SRA) analyses were employed to determine the potential source regions. Results showed that the total PAHs (TPAHs) concentrations ranged from 0.08 to 2.37 ng m, with an average of 0.69 ± 0.53 ng m. Vehicular emissions emerged as the primary contributor to PM-bound PAHs, constituting 39.8 % of the TPAHs concentration, followed by industrial emissions (37.6 %), biomass burning (13.8 %), and petroleum/oil volatilization (8.8 %). PSCF and CWT analyses revealed that industrial activities and shipping processes in northeast China, South China Sea, Yellow Sea, and East China Sea, contributed to the occurrence of PM-bound PAHs in Taipei. SRA identified central China as the primary regional contributor of ambient TPAHs in the cold season and Taiwan in the warm season, respectively. Evaluations of incremental lifetime cancer risk demonstrated the highest risk for adults, followed by children, seniors, and adolescents. The assessments of lifetime lung cancer risk showed that vehicular and industrial emissions were the main contributors to cancer risk induced by PM-bound PAHs. This research emphasizes the essential role of precisely identifying the origins of PM-bound PAHs to enhance our comprehension of the related human health hazards, thus providing valuable insights into the mitigation strategies.
尽管已经明确认识到 PM 结合态多环芳烃对健康的危害，但对于其特定来源的影响仍缺乏全面的了解。本研究旨在探讨台北市在冷暖季节中，PM 结合态多环芳烃（PAHs）相关的健康风险及其特定来源的贡献。同时，还对不同年龄段人群中 PM 结合态 PAHs 的水平及其潜在健康风险进行了研究。通过诊断比值和正定矩阵因子分析（PMF）来识别 PM 结合态 PAHs 的来源。此外，还采用潜在源贡献函数（PSCF）、浓度权重轨迹（CWT）和源区域分配（SRA）分析来确定潜在源区。结果表明，PM 结合态多环芳烃的总浓度（TPAHs）范围在 0.08 至 2.37ng/m3之间，平均值为 0.69±0.53ng/m3。机动车排放是 PM 结合态 PAHs 的主要来源，占 TPAHs 浓度的 39.8%，其次是工业排放（37.6%）、生物质燃烧（13.8%）和石油/油挥发（8.8%）。PSCF 和 CWT 分析表明，来自中国东北、南海、黄海和东海的工业活动和航运过程导致了台北市 PM 结合态 PAHs 的出现。SRA 则分别确定了中国中部和台湾地区是冷季和暖季大气 TPAHs 的主要区域贡献源。增量终生癌症风险评估表明，成年人面临的风险最高，其次是儿童、老年人和青少年。终生肺癌风险评估表明，机动车和工业排放是 PM 结合态 PAHs 致癌风险的主要来源。本研究强调了准确识别 PM 结合态 PAHs 来源的重要性，以增强我们对相关人类健康危害的认识，并为制定相关的缓解策略提供有价值的见解。
