Elsasser Ted H, Ma Bing, Ravel Jacques, Kahl Stanislaw, Gajer Pawel, Cross Alan
Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, USA Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
Anim Microbiome. 2023 Jan 26;5(1):6. doi: 10.1186/s42523-023-00225-z.
Nondrug supplement strategies to improve gut health have largely focused on the effects of individual compounds to improve one aspect of gut homeostasis. However, there is no comprehensive assessment of the reproducible effects of oral, short-term, low-level colostrum supplementation on gut inflammation status that are specific to the ileum. Herein, a chicken animal model highly responsive to even mild gut inflammatory stimuli was employed to compare the outcomes of feeding a standard diet (CON) to those of CON supplemented with a centrifuge-defatted bovine colostrum (BC) or a nonfat dried milk (NFDM) control on the efficiency of nutrient use, ileal morphology, gut nitro-oxidative inflammation status, metabolites, and the composition of the microbiota.
A repeated design, iterative multiple regression model was developed to analyze how BC affected ileal digesta-associated anti-inflammatory metabolite abundance coincident with observed changes in the ileal microbiome, mitigation of epithelial inflammation, and ileal surface morphology. An improved whole body nutrient use efficiency in the BC group (v CON and NFDM) coincided with the observed increased ileum absorptive surface and reduced epithelial cell content of tyrosine-nitrated protein (NT, biomarker of nitro-oxidative inflammatory stress). Metabolome analysis revealed that anti-inflammatory metabolites were significantly greater in abundance in BC-fed animals. BC also had a beneficial BC impact on microbiota, particularly in promoting the presence of the bacterial types associated with eubiosis and the segmented filamentous bacteria, Candidatus Arthromitus.
The data suggest that an anti-inflammatory environment in the ileum was more evident in BC than in the other feeding groups and associated with an increased content of statistically definable groups of anti-inflammatory metabolites that appear to functionally link the observed interactions between the host's improved gut health with an observed increase in whole body nutrient use efficiency, beneficial changes in the microbiome and immunometabolism.
改善肠道健康的非药物补充策略主要集中在单一化合物对肠道稳态某一方面的改善作用上。然而，目前尚无针对口服短期低水平初乳补充对回肠特异性肠道炎症状态的可重复影响的全面评估。在此，我们采用了一种对即使是轻微肠道炎症刺激也高度敏感的鸡动物模型，来比较喂食标准日粮（CON）与添加离心脱脂牛初乳（BC）或脱脂奶粉（NFDM）对照的日粮对营养物质利用效率、回肠形态、肠道硝基氧化炎症状态、代谢产物以及微生物群组成的影响。
我们开发了一个重复设计的迭代多元回归模型，以分析BC如何影响与回肠微生物群变化、上皮炎症减轻和回肠表面形态相关的回肠消化物相关抗炎代谢产物丰度。BC组（与CON和NFDM相比）全身营养物质利用效率的提高与观察到的回肠吸收表面积增加以及酪氨酸硝化蛋白（NT，硝基氧化炎症应激的生物标志物）上皮细胞含量降低相一致。代谢组分析显示，喂食BC的动物体内抗炎代谢产物的丰度显著更高。BC对微生物群也有有益影响, 特别是在促进与共生和分段丝状细菌（暂定名节状杆菌）相关的细菌类型的存在方面。
数据表明，BC组回肠中的抗炎环境比其他喂食组更明显，并且与可统计定义的抗炎代谢产物组含量增加相关，这些代谢产物似乎在功能上联系了宿主改善的肠道健康与观察到的全身营养物质利用效率提高、微生物群的有益变化以及免疫代谢之间的相互作用。
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