工作相关变量与中国医务人员工作场所暴力的关联：身体暴力和言语暴力的比较。
Associations between work-related variables and workplace violence among Chinese medical staff: A comparison between physical and verbal violence.
机构信息
Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
出版信息
Front Public Health. 2023 Jan 10;10:1043023. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1043023. eCollection 2022.
BACKGROUND
Workplace violence (WPV) against medical staff has been an important public health and societal problem worldwide. Although numerous studies have implied the differences between physical violence (PV) and verbal violence (VV) against medical staff, few studies were conducted to analyze the different associations between work-related variables, PV, and VV, especially in China.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted among Chinese medical staff in public hospitals, and 3,426 medical staff were interviewed and analyzed. WPV, including PV and VV, were evaluated by the self-report of the medical staff. Work-related variables, physical disease, depression, and social-demographic variables were also measured. The work-related variables included types of medical staff, professional titles, hospital levels, managers, working years, job changing, working hours/week, night duty times/week, monthly income, self-reported working environment, and social position. Logistic regressions were conducted to examine the factors associated with PV and VV.
RESULTS
A total of 489 medical staff (23.0%) reported the experience of PV and 1,744 (50.9%) reported the experience of VV. Several work-related variables were associated with PV and VV, including nurse (OR = 0.56 for PV, < 0.01; OR = 0.76 for VV, < 0.05), manager (OR = 1.86 for PV, < 0.01; OR = 1.56 for VV, < 0.001), night duty frequency/week (OR = 1.06 for PV, < 0.01; OR = 1.03 for VV, < 0.01), bad working environment (OR = 2.73 for PV, < 0.001; OR = 3.52 for VV, < 0.001), averaged working environment (OR = 1.51 for PV, < 0.05; OR = 1.55 for VV, < 0.001), and bad social position (OR = 4.21 for PV, < 0.001; OR = 3.32 for VV, < 0.001). Working years (OR = 1.02, < 0.05), job changing (OR = 1.33, < 0.05), and L2 income level (OR = 1.33, < 0.01) were positively associated with VV, but the associations were not supported for PV (all >0.05). The other associated factors were male gender (OR = 1.97 for PV, < 0.001; OR = 1.28 for VV, < 0.05) and depression (OR = 1.05 for PV, < 0.001; OR = 1.04 for VV, < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
Both PV and VV were positively associated with work-related variables, such as doctor, manager, more night duty frequency, perceived bad working environment, or social position. Some variables were only associated with VV, such as working years, job changing, and monthly income. Some special strategies for the work-related variables should be applied for controlling PV and VV.
背景
职场暴力（WPV）一直是全球范围内一个重要的公共卫生和社会问题。尽管有大量研究表明医疗人员遭受的身体暴力（PV）和言语暴力（VV）之间存在差异，但很少有研究分析工作相关变量与 PV 和 VV 之间的不同关联，特别是在中国。
方法
本研究采用横断面调查方法，对中国公立医院的 3426 名医务人员进行了访谈和分析。WPV 包括 PV 和 VV，由医务人员的自我报告评估。工作相关变量、身体疾病、抑郁和社会人口统计学变量也进行了测量。工作相关变量包括医务人员类型、职称、医院级别、管理人员、工作年限、工作变动、每周工作小时数、每周夜班次数、月收入、自我报告的工作环境和社会地位。采用 logistic 回归分析检验与 PV 和 VV 相关的因素。
结果
共有 489 名医务人员（23.0%）报告了 PV 经历，1744 名医务人员（50.9%）报告了 VV 经历。一些工作相关变量与 PV 和 VV 相关，包括护士（PV 的 OR = 0.56， < 0.01；VV 的 OR = 0.76， < 0.05）、管理人员（PV 的 OR = 1.86， < 0.01；VV 的 OR = 1.56， < 0.001）、每周夜班频率（PV 的 OR = 1.06， < 0.01；VV 的 OR = 1.03， < 0.01）、较差的工作环境（PV 的 OR = 2.73， < 0.001；VV 的 OR = 3.52， < 0.001）、平均工作环境（PV 的 OR = 1.51， < 0.05；VV 的 OR = 1.55， < 0.001）和较差的社会地位（PV 的 OR = 4.21， < 0.001；VV 的 OR = 3.32， < 0.001）。工作年限（OR = 1.02， < 0.05）、工作变动（OR = 1.33， < 0.05）和 L2 收入水平（OR = 1.33， < 0.01）与 VV 呈正相关，但与 PV 无显著相关性（均 >0.05）。其他相关因素包括男性（PV 的 OR = 1.97， < 0.001；VV 的 OR = 1.28， < 0.05）和抑郁（PV 的 OR = 1.05， < 0.001；VV 的 OR = 1.04， < 0.001）。
结论
PV 和 VV 均与工作相关变量呈正相关，如医生、管理人员、更多的夜班频率、较差的工作环境或社会地位。一些变量仅与 VV 相关，如工作年限、工作变动和月收入。针对工作相关变量，应采取一些特殊策略来控制 PV 和 VV。
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