中国山东医护人员工作场所暴力发生率和危险因素的性别差异。
Gender Differences for the Prevalence and Risk Factors of Workplace Violence Among Healthcare Professionals in Shandong, China.
机构信息
Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
National Health Commission of China (NHC) Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
出版信息
Front Public Health. 2022 May 2;10:873936. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.873936. eCollection 2022.
BACKGROUND
Workplace violence (WPV) against healthcare professionals (HPs) has been recognized as important occupational health and societal problem in the world. Many studies were also conducted to explore the prevalence, risk factors, and adverse outcomes of WPV against HPs. Although the gender differences in the prevalence and risk factors of WPV against HPs have been implied in many studies, fewer studies were conducted to explore the gender differences for WPV against HPs, especially in China. In this study, we aim to analyze the gender differences in the prevalence and risk factors of WPV against HPs in Shandong, China.
METHODS
This study was conducted among HPs with a cross-sectional design. WPV, social-demographic variables, occupational characteristics, physical disease, social support, and depression were evaluated for the participated HPs. The prevalence and risk factors of WPV among male healthcare professionals (MHPs) and female healthcare professionals (FHPs) were analyzed in this study. Student's -tests, one-way ANOVA, and logistic regressions were performed to test the associated factors of WPV among MHPs and FHPs.
RESULTS
The prevalence of WPV among MHPs and FHPs was 61.4 and 48.8%, respectively. Being silent was the most common method of response to WPV among MHPs (52.3%) and FHPs (59.2%). For MHPs, the associated factors of WPV were master's degree (odds ratio (OR) =2.20, < 0.05), bachelor's degree (OR = 2.49, < 0.001), lower income level (OR = 1.81, < 0.05), manager (OR = 1.81, < 0.05), and depression (OR = 1.05, < 0.001). For FHPs, the associated factors of WPV were a master's degree (OR = 1.58, < 0.05), more working hours per week (OR = 1.02, < 0.001), and depression (OR = 1.05, < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of WPV among MHPs was higher than FHPs, and the associated factors for WPV against HPs were also different among MHPs and FHPs. The findings remind us that some gender-specific interventions are needed to control WPV against HPs.
背景
职场暴力（WPV）已经被认为是全球范围内一个重要的职业健康和社会问题。许多研究也探讨了 WPV 对医护人员的流行率、风险因素和不良后果。尽管 WPV 对医护人员的流行率和风险因素存在性别差异在许多研究中已经被暗示，但很少有研究探讨 WPV 对医护人员的性别差异，特别是在中国。在这项研究中，我们旨在分析中国山东 WPV 对医护人员的流行率和风险因素中的性别差异。
方法
本研究采用横断面设计，对医护人员进行 WPV、社会人口统计学变量、职业特征、躯体疾病、社会支持和抑郁的评估。本研究分析了男性医护人员（MHPs）和女性医护人员（FHPs）中 WPV 的流行率和风险因素。采用 Student's -tests、one-way ANOVA 和 logistic 回归检验 MHPs 和 FHPs 中 WPV 的相关因素。
结果
MHPs 和 FHPs 中 WPV 的流行率分别为 61.4%和 48.8%。沉默是 MHPs（52.3%）和 FHPs（59.2%）中对 WPV 最常见的反应方式。对于 MHPs，WPV 的相关因素是硕士学位（优势比（OR）=2.20，<0.05）、学士学位（OR=2.49，<0.001）、较低的收入水平（OR=1.81，<0.05）、经理（OR=1.81，<0.05）和抑郁（OR=1.05，<0.001）。对于 FHPs，WPV 的相关因素是硕士学位（OR=1.58，<0.05）、每周工作时间更长（OR=1.02，<0.001）和抑郁（OR=1.05，<0.001）。
结论
MHPs 中 WPV 的流行率高于 FHPs，WPV 对医护人员的相关因素在 MHPs 和 FHPs 中也不同。研究结果提醒我们，需要针对一些特定性别的干预措施来控制 WPV 对医护人员的影响。
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