Tan Wei, Boodagh Parnaz, Selvakumar Prakash Parthiban, Keyser Sean
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States.
McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2023 Jan 10;10:1097334. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1097334. eCollection 2022.
Vascular grafts are widely used for vascular surgeries, to bypass a diseased artery or function as a vascular access for hemodialysis. Bioengineered or tissue-engineered vascular grafts have long been envisioned to take the place of bioinert synthetic grafts and even vein grafts under certain clinical circumstances. However, host responses to a graft device induce adverse remodeling, to varied degrees depending on the graft property and host's developmental and health conditions. This in turn leads to invention or failure. Herein, we have mapped out the relationship between the design constraints and outcomes for vascular grafts, by analyzing impairment factors involved in the adverse graft remodeling. Strategies to tackle these impairment factors and counteract adverse healing are then summarized by outlining the research landscape of graft innovations in three dimensions-cell technology, scaffold technology and graft translation. Such a comprehensive view of cell and scaffold technological innovations in the translational context may benefit the future advancements in vascular grafts. From this perspective, we conclude the review with recommendations for future design endeavors.
血管移植物广泛应用于血管手术，用于绕过病变动脉或作为血液透析的血管通路。长期以来，人们一直设想使用生物工程或组织工程血管移植物来替代生物惰性合成移植物，甚至在某些临床情况下替代静脉移植物。然而，宿主对移植物装置的反应会引发不同程度的不良重塑，具体程度取决于移植物特性以及宿主的发育和健康状况。这进而导致发明或失败。在此，我们通过分析参与移植物不良重塑的损伤因素，梳理了血管移植物设计限制与结果之间的关系。然后，通过概述移植物创新在细胞技术、支架技术和移植物转化这三个维度的研究概况，总结了应对这些损伤因素和对抗不良愈合的策略。在转化背景下对细胞和支架技术创新的这种全面看法可能有利于血管移植物的未来发展。从这个角度出发，我们在综述结尾给出了未来设计工作的建议。
