Carvalho Marcia E A, Agathokleous Evgenios, Nogueira Marina L, Brunetto Gustavo, Brown Patrick H, Azevedo Ricardo A
Department of Genetics, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture/ University of São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil.
School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
J Hazard Mater. 2023 Apr 15;448:130813. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130813. Epub 2023 Jan 16.
This review gathered and analyzed data about (i) the Cd-induced impacts on seed germination and seedling vigor, and (ii) the use of different priming agents to mitigate Cd-induced impacts on the early plant development. Critical evaluation of the obtained data revealed intriguing results. First, seeds of diverse species can endure exposures to Cd. Such endurance is exhibited as maintenance of or even improvement in the seed germination and vigor (up to 15% and 70%, respectively). Second, the main factors influencing seed tolerance to Cd toxicity are related to temporal variations in anatomical, physiological, and/or biochemical features. Third, Cd can trigger diverse transgenerational effects on plants by shaping seed endophytes, by modulating seed provisioning with resources and regulatory elements, and/or by altering seed (epi)genomics. Fourth, different chemical, biological and physical priming agents can mitigate Cd-induced impacts on seeds, sometimes enhancing their performance over the control (reference) values. Overall, this review shows that the impacts of Cd on seed germination and vigor encompass not only negative outcomes but also neutral and positive ones, depending upon the Cd dose, media properties, plant species and genotypes, plant developmental stage and organ, and management approaches. Increasing our understanding of plant tolerance mechanisms against the growing background Cd pollution is relevant to support breeding programs, agricultural practices, and health-environmental policies.
（i）镉对种子萌发和幼苗活力的影响，以及（ii）使用不同引发剂减轻镉对植物早期发育影响的情况。对所获数据的批判性评估揭示了有趣的结果。首先，不同物种的种子能够耐受镉暴露。这种耐受性表现为种子萌发和活力得以维持甚至提高（分别高达15%和70%）。其次，影响种子对镉毒性耐受性的主要因素与解剖学、生理学和/或生物化学特征的时间变化有关。第三，镉可通过塑造种子内生菌、调节种子的资源和调控元件供应，以及/或者改变种子（表观）基因组学，对植物引发多种跨代效应。第四，不同的化学、生物和物理引发剂可减轻镉对种子的影响，有时能使其表现优于对照（参考）值。总体而言，本综述表明，镉对种子萌发和活力的影响不仅包括负面结果，还包括中性和正面结果，这取决于镉剂量、介质特性、植物物种和基因型、植物发育阶段和器官以及管理方法。增进我们对植物在镉污染日益严重的背景下的耐受机制的理解，对于支持育种计划、农业实践以及健康环境政策具有重要意义。
