Ramzan Musarrat, Naz Gul, Shah Anis Ali, Parveen Misbah, Jamil Muhammad, Gill Sidra, Sharif Hafiz M Adeel
Department of Botany, Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
Plant Physiol Biochem. 2023 Mar;196:130-138. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.01.015. Epub 2023 Jan 11.
Chromium (Cr) is a hazardous metal that has a significant risk of transfer from soil to edible parts of food crops, including shoot tissues. Reduction of Cr accumulation is required to lower the risk of Cr-exposed in humans and animals feeding on metal-contaminated parts of such plant. Zea mays is a global staple crop irrigated intensively with Cr-contaminated water. Consequently, the objective of this study was to investigate that FI-stabilized ZnO NPs could be used as an eco-friendly and efficient amendment to reduced Cr uptake and toxicity in Zea mays. To investigate the growth parameters, physiological, oxidative stress and biochemical parameters under different Cr-VI concentrations (10.0, 15.0, and 20.0 ppm). Cr exposed Z. mays plants exhibited substantially reduced plant biomass, chlorophyll contents, and altered antioxidant enzyme activity compared to untreated control. The results revealed that foliar application of Fagonia-ZnO-NPs helps eliminate the harmful effects of Cr (VI), which can enter plants through soil pollution. Increased levels of proline, soluble sugars and various antioxidant enzymes reflected this. Mean comparisons showed that Cr stress led to a 33-50% reduction in fresh shoot weight, 73-170% in fresh root weight, 16-34% shoot length, 9.5-129% root length, Chlorophyll contents 20-33% (Chl a), 18-27% (Chl b) and 17-27% (car), 14-33% total soluble sugars, 54-170% proline content, 7-7.5% POD, 0.66-75% CAT and 32-77% APX enzyme activities compared to untreated plants. Application of FI-stabilized ZnO NPs led to an increase 21-77% in fresh shoot weight, 22-45%, fresh root weight, 3-35% shoot length, 24-154% root length, Chlorophyll contents 39-60% (Chl a), 15-79% (Chl b) and 28-82% (car), 19-52% total soluble sugars, 21-55% proline content, 14-43% POD, 34-95% CAT and 130-186% APX enzyme activities under 10, 15 and 20 ppm Cr stress respectively, compared to Cr-treated plants. However, the principal component analysis revealed that chlorophyll contents, carotenoid, CAT, APX and length were in the same group and showed a positive correlation. These data collectively suggest that phytostabilized zinc oxide NPs may be an eco-friendly solution to mitigate Cr toxicity in agricultural soils and crop plants.
铬（Cr）是一种有害金属，存在从土壤转移到粮食作物可食用部分（包括地上组织）的重大风险。降低铬的积累对于降低食用受金属污染植物部分的人类和动物接触铬的风险是必要的。玉米是一种全球主要作物，大量使用受铬污染的水进行灌溉。因此，本研究的目的是调查FI稳定的ZnO纳米颗粒是否可以作为一种生态友好且有效的改良剂，以减少玉米对铬的吸收和毒性。为了研究在不同Cr-VI浓度（10.0、15.0和20.0 ppm）下的生长参数、生理、氧化应激和生化参数。与未处理的对照相比，暴露于铬的玉米植株的生物量、叶绿素含量显著降低，抗氧化酶活性也发生了改变。结果表明，叶面喷施法贡诺-氧化锌纳米颗粒有助于消除Cr（VI）的有害影响，Cr（VI）可通过土壤污染进入植物。脯氨酸、可溶性糖和各种抗氧化酶水平的增加反映了这一点。均值比较表明，与未处理的植物相比，铬胁迫导致地上鲜重降低33-50%，根鲜重降低73-170%，地上长度降低16-34%，根长度降低9.5-129%，叶绿素含量降低20-33%（叶绿素a），18-27%（叶绿素b）和17-27%（类胡萝卜素），总可溶性糖降低14-33%，脯氨酸含量增加54-170%，过氧化物酶（POD）活性增加7-7.5%，过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性增加0.66-75%，抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）活性增加32-77%。在10、15和20 ppm铬胁迫下，与铬处理的植物相比，施用FI稳定的ZnO纳米颗粒分别使地上鲜重增加21-77%，根鲜重增加22-45%，地上长度增加3-35%，根长度增加24-154%，叶绿素含量增加39-60%（叶绿素a），15-79%（叶绿素b）和28-82%（类胡萝卜素），总可溶性糖增加19-52%，脯氨酸含量增加21-55%，POD活性增加14-43%，CAT活性增加34-95%，APX活性增加130-186%。然而，主成分分析表明，叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素、CAT、APX和长度在同一组中，且呈正相关。这些数据共同表明，植物稳定化的氧化锌纳米颗粒可能是减轻农业土壤和作物中铬毒性的一种生态友好解决方案。
